文章来源:http://junit.org/junit5/docs/current/user-guide/
JUnit Jupiter comes with many of the assertion methods that JUnit 4 has and adds a few that lend themselves well to being used with Java 8 lambdas. All JUnit Jupiter assertions are static methods in the org.junit.jupiter.Assertions class.
import static java.time.Duration.ofMillis;
import static java.time.Duration.ofMinutes;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertAll;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertThrows;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTimeout;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTimeoutPreemptively;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertTrue;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
class AssertionsDemo {
@Test
void standardAssertions() {
assertEquals(2, 2);
assertEquals(4, 4, "The optional assertion message is now the last parameter.");
assertTrue(2 == 2, () -> "Assertion messages can be lazily evaluated -- "
+ "to avoid constructing complex messages unnecessarily.");
}
@Test
void groupedAssertions() {
// In a grouped assertion all assertions are executed, and any
// failures will be reported together.
assertAll("person",
() -> assertEquals("John", person.getFirstName()),
() -> assertEquals("Doe", person.getLastName())
);
}
@Test
void dependentAssertions() {
// Within a code block, if an assertion fails the
// subsequent code in the same block will be skipped.
assertAll("properties",
() -> {
String firstName = person.getFirstName();
assertNotNull(firstName);
// Executed only if the previous assertion is valid.
assertAll("first name",
() -> assertTrue(firstName.startsWith("J")),
() -> assertTrue(firstName.endsWith("n"))
);
},
() -> {
// Grouped assertion, so processed independently
// of results of first name assertions.
String lastName = person.getLastName();
assertNotNull(lastName);
// Executed only if the previous assertion is valid.
assertAll("last name",
() -> assertTrue(lastName.startsWith("D")),
() -> assertTrue(lastName.endsWith("e"))
);
}
);
}
@Test
void exceptionTesting() {
Throwable exception = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("a message");
});
assertEquals("a message", exception.getMessage());
}
@Test
void timeoutNotExceeded() {
// The following assertion succeeds.
assertTimeout(ofMinutes(2), () -> {
// Perform task that takes less than 2 minutes.
});
}
@Test
void timeoutNotExceededWithResult() {
// The following assertion succeeds, and returns the supplied object.
String actualResult = assertTimeout(ofMinutes(2), () -> {
return "a result";
});
assertEquals("a result", actualResult);
}
@Test
void timeoutNotExceededWithMethod() {
// The following assertion invokes a method reference and returns an object.
String actualGreeting = assertTimeout(ofMinutes(2), AssertionsDemo::greeting);
assertEquals("hello world!", actualGreeting);
}
@Test
void timeoutExceeded() {
// The following assertion fails with an error message similar to:
// execution exceeded timeout of 10 ms by 91 ms
assertTimeout(ofMillis(10), () -> {
// Simulate task that takes more than 10 ms.
Thread.sleep(100);
});
}
@Test
void timeoutExceededWithPreemptiveTermination() {
// The following assertion fails with an error message similar to:
// execution timed out after 10 ms
assertTimeoutPreemptively(ofMillis(10), () -> {
// Simulate task that takes more than 10 ms.
Thread.sleep(100);
});
}
private static String greeting() {
return "hello world!";
}
}