公司java培训教材分享（2）－－－－－JFC简介

JFC is short for Java Foundation  Classes, which encompass a group of features for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and adding rich graphics functionality and interactivity to Java applications. JFC was first announced at the 1997 JavaOne^SM developer conference. It is defined as containing the features shown in the table below.

 

 

The Swing API is powerful, flexible--and immense. In release 1.4 of the Java platform, the Swing API has 17 public packages:

javax.accessibility               javax.swing.plaf                  javax.swing.text.html

javax.swing                         javax.swing.plaf.basic         javax.swing.text.parser

javax.swing.border                    javax.swing.plaf.metal         javax.swing.text.rtf

javax.swing.colorchooser    javax.swing.plaf.multi          javax.swing.tree

javax.swing.event                javax.swing.table                javax.swing.undo

javax.swing.filechooser              javax.swing.text

 

 

Fortunately, most programs use only a small subset of the API. This trail sorts out the API for you, giving you examples of common code and pointing you to methods and classes you're likely to need. Most of the code in this trail uses only one or two Swing packages:

javax.swing

javax.swing.event (not always required)

 

 

 

Example One: Your First Swing Program

/*

 * HelloWorldSwing.java is a 1.4 example that

 * requires no other files.

 */

import javax.swing.*;       

public class HelloWorldSwing {

    /**

     * Create the GUI and show it.  For thread safety,

     * this method should be invoked from the

     * event-dispatching thread.

     */

    private static void createAndShowGUI() {

        //Make sure we have nice window decorations.

        JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);

 

        //Create and set up the window.

        JFrame frame = new JFrame("HelloWorldSwing");

        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

 

        //Add the ubiquitous "Hello World" label.

        JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");

        frame.getContentPane().add(label);

 

        //Display the window.

        frame.pack();

        frame.setVisible(true);

    }

 

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Schedule a job for the event-dispatching thread:

        //creating and showing this application's GUI.

        javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

            public void run() {

                createAndShowGUI();

            }

        });

    }

}

 

 

This is one of the simplest Swing applications you can write. It doesn’t do much, but the code demonstrates the basic code in every Swing program:

1. Import the pertinent packages.

2. Set up a top-level container.

3. Display the container.

4. Be thread-safe.

 

 

 

Every program with a Swing GUI must have at least one top-level Swing container. A top-level Swing container provides the support Swing components need for painting and event handling. There are three commonly used top-level Swing containers: JFrame, JDialog, and (for applets) JApplet. Each JFrame object implements a single main window, and each JDialog implements a secondary window (a window dependent on another window). Each JApplet object implements an applet’s display area within a browser window

 

 

 

The HelloWorldSwing example has only one top-level container, a JFrame. Imple-mented as an instance of the JFrame class, a frame is a window that, by default, has dec-orations such as a border, a title, and buttons for iconifying and closing the window. Applications with a GUI typically use at least one frame.

 

Here is the code that sets up and shows the frame:

 

JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true);

JFrame frame = new JFrame("HelloWorldSwing");

...

frame.pack();

frame.setVisible(true);

 

 

With the exception of top-level containers, such as JFrame, all Swing components descend from the JComponent class. HelloWorldSwing uses a JComponent descendant called JLabel, which displays the text Hello World. These two lines of code construct and then add the JLabel component to the frame:

JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");

frame.getContentPane().add(label);

 

 

 

To make the program exit when the Close button  is clicked, we include this code:

frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

 

 

 

The final bit of code in HelloWorldSwing—-and in all of our examples—-looks like this:

javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

    public void run() {

        /* create and show the GUI */

    }

});

 

You can copy this code and use it as-is. It might look daunting, but we recommend it because it ensures that the GUI won’t have a thread-safety problem that could break the UI before it even appears onscreen. For more information, you can read How to Use Threads.