linux 常用操作

ubuntu镜像下载

腾讯ubuntu mirror

ubuntu 22.04 static ip

vi 00-installer-config.yaml

network:
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens33:
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.247/24
      nameservers:
        addresses: [4.2.2.2, 8.8.8.8]
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1
  version: 2
sudo netplan apply

centos 6.5 static ip

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=static
BROADCAST=192.168.60.255
IPADDR=192.168.60.251
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.60.0
GATEWAY=192.168.60.1
HWADDR=00:1E:0B:CF:1A:E4
TYPE=Ethernet

centos 7 static ip

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s3
HWADDR=08:00:27:98:06:76
TYPE=Ethernet
# Static IP Address #
BOOTPROTO=none
# Server IP #
IPADDR=192.168.1.10
# Netmask #
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
# Default Gateway IP #
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
# DNS Servers #
DNS1=192.168.1.1
DNS2=8.8.8.8
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
# Disable ipv6 #
IPV6INIT=no
# Device Name #
NAME=enp0s3
DEVICE=enp0s3
# Optional – This is system specific and can be created using ‘uuidgen enp0s3’ command #
UUID=02d4a47b-3dbe-4e0b-ae4b-841a8c58e807
# Activate on Boot #
ONBOOT=yes
# Default Domain Search #
DOMAIN=itzgeek.local

systemctl restart network

查询端口对应进程的方法(windows/linux)

WIN

Get-Process -Id (Get-NetTCPConnection -LocalPort 5000).OwningProcess

Get-NetTCPConnection -LocalPort 5000 | Measure-Object

LINUX

• lsof -i:端口号
• netstat -tunpl | grep 端口号

查看package files

dnf info gd-devel
rpm -l gd-devel
dpkg -L gd-devel

fedora静态ip

hostnamectl set-hostname new-name
sudo nmcli connection show
sudo nmcli connection modify 91d78f79-c7cf-32fc-8a91-bc3d587a2461 IPv4.address 192.168.1.127/24
sudo nmcli connection modify 91d78f79-c7cf-32fc-8a91-bc3d587a2461 IPv4.gateway 192.168.1.1
sudo nmcli connection modify 91d78f79-c7cf-32fc-8a91-bc3d587a2461 IPv4.dns 8.8.8.8
sudo nmcli connection modify 91d78f79-c7cf-32fc-8a91-bc3d587a2461 IPv4.method manual

man 类型

1. 用户命令
2. 系统接口
3. 库函数
4. 特殊文件
5. 文件
6. 游戏
7. 系统软件包
8. 系统管理命令
9. 内核

查看系统版本信息

• cat /etc/issue
• cat lsb_release -a
• uname -a
• cat /etc/*_issue
• cat /etc/*_release

tcpdump 抓包

tcpdump tcp -i eth1 -t -s 0  and port 8000 and src net 192.168.1.0/24 -w ./test.cap
tcpdump  -XvvennSs 0 -i eth0 tcp[20:2]=0x4745 or tcp[20:2]=0x4854

查看动态链接库的导出函数

nm -D libhello.so|awk '{if($2=="T"){print $3}}'

关闭显示器

sudo vbetool dpms off

查看进程和端口信息

方法1

• 根据进程名查看进程信息

  ps aux|grep mysql

• 根据进程id查看进程占用端口

  netstat -anp|grep 7671

方法2

• 根据进程名查看进程信息

  ps aux|grep mysql

• 根据id查看网络连接

  lsof -i tcp -p 7671

bash中输出换行

echo -e "hello\n"
printf "hello\n"

查看连接数

netstat -n | find /C /I "established"
Get-Counter -Counter \TCPv4\*

pip更新为国内源

# 清华源
pip config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

# 或：
# 阿里源
pip config set global.index-url https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
# 腾讯源
pip config set global.index-url http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple
# 豆瓣源
pip config set global.index-url http://pypi.douban.com/simple/

查看硬件信息

# 查看CPU
lscpu
cat /proc/cpuinfo
# 查看内存
free -h
lsmem
cat /proc/meminfo
# 查看磁盘分区
df -hT
mount
lsblk
# 查看opengl版本
glxinfo|grep version
# 查看usb
lsusb
# 查看pci/pcie
lspci

判断主机是否ping通

ping -c1 -w1 -t5 192.168.0.125>/dev/null 2>&1 && echo ok|| echo down

参数设置

vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
GSSAPIAuthentication no

vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
UseDNS no
PubkeyAuthentication no


vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.core.somaxconn=65535
net.core.netdev_max_backlog=65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=65535
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=10
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1
net.core.wmem_default=87380
net.core.wmem_max=16777216
net.core.rmem_default=87380
net.core.rmem_max=16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=120
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=3
kernel.shmmax=4294967296
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmall=400000000
kernel.sem=50100 64128000 50100 1280
kernel.sysrq=1
kernel.msgmnb=65536
kernel.msgmax=65536
kernel.msgmni=2048
fs.file-max=7672460


vi /etc/security/limit.conf
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
* soft nproc 131072
* hard nproc 131072

ubuntu桌面相关

sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

ssh别名

vi ~/.ssh/config

Host scada
	User xxx
	Hostname 192.168.1.10
    Port 22
    PreferredAuthentications publickey
	IdentityFile    C:\Users\xxxx\.ssh\id_ed25519
    ControlPersist  yes
    TCPKeepAlive    yes
    Compression     yes
    ForwardAgent    yes

常用软件

sudo apt install git wget curl screen htop vim emacs golang cmake gcc g++ gdb valgrind unzip tree tcpdump telnet redis mosquitto nginx make mercurial sysstat pstack sqlite3
sudo apt install build-essential gradle ruby nodejs npm composer python3-pip mysql postgresql  memcached   fonts-ancient-scripts unifont 

binutils bison, java, php,python,r,lazarus,dotnet,sdl2,sfml,flatpak, tomcat8 mednaffe,visual code,sublime text, wps,qq,freedownloadmanager,nodejs,npm
MyPaint Krita Scribus Plume Creator QuiteRSS NitroShare OpenShot Blender Shotcut SimpleScreenRecorder Neofetch kupfer Liferea Shutter

apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras libdvd-pkg 
dpkg-reconfigure libdvd-pkg 
debian apt install software-properties-common 才有apt-add-repository这个命令用于安装ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:transmissionbt/ppa
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kelleyk/emacs

snap install ubuntu-make
umake --list
umake android

tcpdump -i eth0 -s 3000 port 3306 -w ~/sql.pcap
#tcpdump -i any -A -s 3000 port 3306 >~/sql.log
#grep "select * from " ~/sql.log|head


-A 以ASCII格式打印出所有分组，并将链路层的头最小化。
向mysql服务端传输的sql语句就是以ASCII码形式进行传输。我们就可以使用-A参数查看传输的具体sql语句

ssh -NfL *:3305:127.0.0.1:3306 root@a.b.c.d 本地3305映射到远程的3306
ssh -vnNT -R 7689:localhost:3333 wanghao@42.120.40.68  远程7689映射到本地3333

watch -n 2 -t "ps axu|grep apt"



network
nmcli device status # view status
nmcli device wifi list iface # view wifi
nmcli device wifi connect *** password ** # connect wifi 

sudo iwconfig wlp9s0 power off 
sudo vbetool dpms off  
objdump objcopy strace ltrace ftrace readelf eresi   ptrace
查看系统TOP(f进入field选择)  
top  
  
打印系统进程  
ps -efwL  
  
统计每个进程的开销  
pidstat -d -r -u -w -l -h -p ALL 5 1  
  
打印进程stack  
pstack -p pid  
  
打印进程系统调用  
strace -p pid 
IO监控  
iostat   
  
cpu,disk,net,system资源使用监控  
dstat   
  
每个CPU核的使用监控  
mpstat   
top -T -p `pidof a.out`
top -H

1.  dmesg
查看启动中慢的问题
2.  systemd-analyze blame
 启动时候的服务以及服务所占用的时间  

镜像下载

• https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases

bad interpreter: No such file or directory 解决办法

这个问题一般是由于windows和linux下的换行符不一样导致的。可以使用dos2unix程序解决。或者使用下面sed完成

sed -i -e 's/\r$//' test_script.sh