mongo 备忘

安装

# 安装
$ sudo apt-get install mongodb

# 下面几步一般不用做，列出是为了以防万一
$ sudo systemctl status mongodb.service
$ sudo systemctl enable mongodb.service
$ sudo systemctl stop mongodb.service
$ sudo vim /etc/mongodb.conf # 默认的配置文件位置
$ sudo systemctl start mongodb.service

# 启动客户端
$ mongo

登陆

第一种 （类似 MySql）
客户端连接时，指定用户名，密码，db名称

mongo --port 27017 -u "adminUser" -p "adminPass" --authenticationDatabase "admin"

第二种
客户端连接后，再进行验证

mongo --port 27017

use admin
db.auth("adminUser", "adminPass")
// 输出 1 表示验证成功

基础操作¹

// db
show dbs
db // 查看当前数据库
use playground // 切换和创建都可以用这个命令
 db.dropDatabase() // 删除当前数据库
// collection
show collections // 同  show tables 
db.people.insert({"name":"harryhare","addr":"first street"}) // 
db.number.insert([{"n":1},{"n":2}]) // 多个数据用js数组表示
db.people.find({})
db.people.remove({}) // 清空
db.people.drop() // 删表

insert

—	multi
insert	true
save	true

update 的几种方式 ²

—	multi	原子性
update	true	true
findAndModify	x	true
save	x	true

// update
> db.number.update({n:4},{$set:{n:5}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

> db.number.update({n:5},{"_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

// findAndModify
> db.number.findAndModify({query:{n:4},update:{$set:{n:5}}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

> db.number.findAndModify({query:{n:5},update:{"_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 5 }
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

 // 返回修改后的值
> db.number.findAndModify({query:{n:4},update:{$set:{n:5}},new:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 5 }
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 5 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

// save
> db.number.save({"_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }) 
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

分页 ³

sort skip limit

> db.number.find().sort({n:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }

> db.number.find().sort({n:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }

> db.number.find().sort({n:-1}).limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b7431cccc5270d71bae"), "n" : 4 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }

> db.number.find().sort({n:-1}).skip(1).limit(3)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71bb0"), "n" : 3 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b9531cccc5270d71baf"), "n" : 1 }

索引操作⁴

// 创建
db.people.createIndex({name:1}) // 也可以用ensureIndex， 后者是前者的别名
db.people.createIndex({name:1}，{name:"index_name"}) // 可以在第二个参数中指定名字
// 查看
db.people.getIndexes()
// 删除
db.people.dropIndex({name:1}) 
db.people.dropIndex("index_name") // 用index 的 name 删也可以

创建索引时，这里用的是{name:1}，显然 key 是column 的名字，这里value 可以是 1，-1，“text”，分别是升序索引，降序索引，和文字检索索引

导入导出

# 导出到目录
mongodump -d playground -o db 
mongorestore db

function ⁵

相当于存储过程？

> db.system.js.save({
... _id: "hello",
... value: function(){
...         return "hello";
...     }
... })
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.eval("hello()")
hello


> db.system.js.insert({
... _id: "add_to_number",
... value: function(n){
...        db.number.insert({"n":n})
...     }
... })
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.eval("add_to_number(9)")
null
> db.number.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bbb6449d7a20e499dc4cd6a"), "n" : 7 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bbb6449d7a20e499dc4cd6b"), "n" : 8 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bbb68616a49c17667a016a1"), "n" : 9 }

其他

覆盖索引查询⁶

explain 会有个indexOnly 字段，如果 查询结果的列 是 索引的列 的 子集 则查询将只使用索引。
传说中索引在内存中，所有这种查询会快一些。

> db.people.find({name:"harryhare"},{name:1}).explain()
{
        ...
        "indexOnly" : false,
	...
}
> db.people.find({name:"harryhare"},{name:1,_id:0}).explain()
{
        ...
        "indexOnly" : true,
        ...
}

ObjectId 时间戳 字符串 ⁷

> p = db.people.findOne({},{_id:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5bba5b3231cccc5270d71bad") }

> p._id.getTimestamp()
ISODate("2018-10-07T19:14:58Z")

> p._id.str
5bba5b3231cccc5270d71bad

mongo 自动填充时间字段 ⁸,⁹

db.users.update(
   { _id: 1 },
   {
     $currentDate: {
        lastModified: true,
        "cancellation.date": { $type: "timestamp" }
     },
     $set: {
        status: "D",
        "cancellation.reason": "user request"
     }
   }
)

{
   "_id" : 1,
   "status" : "D",
   "lastModified" : ISODate("2014-09-17T23:25:56.314Z"),
   "cancellation" : {
      "date" : Timestamp(1410996356, 1),
      "reason" : "user request"
   }
}

---

1. www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-databases-documents-collections.html ↩︎

2. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10778493/whats-the-difference-between-findandmodify-and-update-in-mongodb ↩︎

3. https://www.cnblogs.com/linhan/p/4248679.html ↩︎

4. https://blog.csdn.net/salmonellavaccine/article/details/53907535 ↩︎

5. https://blog.csdn.net/FS1360472174/article/details/53192296 ↩︎

6. http://www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-covered-queries.html ↩︎

7. http://www.runoob.com/mongodb/mongodb-objectid.html ↩︎

8. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37782251/auto-populate-date-in-mongodb-on-insert ↩︎

9. https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/operator/update/currentDate/ ↩︎