西南交通大学第十三届ACM决赛-重现赛-C（组合数+容斥+分块打表）

题目描述

We have n empty boxes, so let’s recolor those boxes with m colors.

The boxes are put in a line. It is not allowed to color any adjacent boxes with the same color. Boxes i and i+1 are said to be adjacent for every i,1≤i≤n. 

And we also want the total number of different colors of the n boxes being exactly k. 

Two ways are considered different if and only if there is at least one box being colored with different colors.

输入描述:

  
  

   
    The first line of the input contains integer T(1≤T≤100) -the number of the test cases 
  
  
  
  

   
    For each case: there will be one line, which contains three integers n,m,k(1≤n,m≤10
   
   9 1≤k≤10
   
   6, k≤n,m).
  
  

输出描述:

For each test case, you need print an integer means the number of ways of different coloring methods modulo 109+7.

示例1

题意：n个空盒子，m种颜色，然后让你选择k种颜色，染完这n个盒子，

并且所用的颜色种类数刚好为k个，且相邻盒子的颜色不相同，问你有多少种方案。

题解：组合数的应用

假如说试求最多k种颜色染完所有盒子的方案数的话很容易想到是

C(m,k)*k*(k-1)^(n-1)，但是这道题是要求刚好用了k种颜色，因此我们考虑容斥原理。

刚好用了k种颜色的方案数不就是

小于等于k的-小于等于k-1的+小于等于k-2的-.............（概率论知识）

对于当前选择的颜色数小于等于i的情况为C(k,i)*i*(i-1)^(n-1)。。

后半部分用快速幂搞搞，前半部分直接用逆元就好了。

但是别忘了式子前边还有个C(m,k)，m有1e9这么大，大组合数显然是行不通的。

因此我们考虑分块打表，这是第二次用这个黑科技了。。。。真的6

#include<set>  
#include<map>     
#include<stack>            
#include<queue>            
#include<vector>    
#include<string> 
#include<time.h>
#include<math.h>            
#include<stdio.h>            
#include<iostream>            
#include<string.h>            
#include<stdlib.h>    
#include<algorithm>   
#include<functional>    
using namespace std;            
#define ll long long       
#define inf  1000000000       
#define mod 1000000007             
#define maxn  1000100
#define lowbit(x) (x&-x)            
#define eps 1e-9
ll fac[maxn],inv[maxn];
ll b[maxn]=
{
1,641102369,578095319,5832229,259081142,974067448,316220877,690120224,251368199,980250487,682498929,
134623568,95936601,933097914,167332441,598816162,336060741,248744620,626497524,288843364,491101308,
245341950,565768255,246899319,968999,586350670,638587686,881746146,19426633,850500036,76479948,
268124147,842267748,886294336,485348706,463847391,544075857,898187927,798967520,82926604,723816384,
156530778,721996174,299085602,323604647,172827403,398699886,530389102,294587621,813805606,67347853,
497478507,196447201,722054885,228338256,407719831,762479457,746536789,811667359,778773518,27368307,
438371670,59469516,5974669,766196482,606322308,86609485,889750731,340941507,371263376,625544428,
788878910,808412394,996952918,585237443,1669644,361786913,480748381,595143852,837229828,199888908,
526807168,579691190,145404005,459188207,534491822,439729802,840398449,899297830,235861787,888050723,
656116726,736550105,440902696,85990869,884343068,56305184,973478770,168891766,804805577,927880474,
876297919,934814019,676405347,567277637,112249297,44930135,39417871,47401357,108819476,281863274,
60168088,692636218,432775082,14235602,770511792,400295761,697066277,421835306,220108638,661224977,
261799937,168203998,802214249,544064410,935080803,583967898,211768084,751231582,972424306,623534362,
335160196,243276029,554749550,60050552,797848181,395891998,172428290,159554990,887420150,970055531,
250388809,487998999,856259313,82104855,232253360,513365505,244109365,1559745,695345956,261384175,
849009131,323214113,747664143,444090941,659224434,80729842,570033864,664989237,827348878,195888993,
576798521,457882808,731551699,212938473,509096183,827544702,678320208,677711203,289752035,66404266,
555972231,195290384,97136305,349551356,785113347,83489485,66247239,52167191,307390891,547665832,
143066173,350016754,917404120,296269301,996122673,23015220,602139210,748566338,187348575,109838563,
574053420,105574531,304173654,542432219,34538816,325636655,437843114,630621321,26853683,933245637,
616368450,238971581,511371690,557301633,911398531,848952161,958992544,925152039,914456118,724691727,
636817583,238087006,946237212,910291942,114985663,492237273,450387329,834860913,763017204,368925948,
475812562,740594930,45060610,806047532,464456846,172115341,75307702,116261993,562519302,268838846,
173784895,243624360,61570384,481661251,938269070,95182730,91068149,115435332,495022305,136026497,
506496856,710729672,113570024,366384665,564758715,270239666,277118392,79874094,702807165,112390913,
730341625,103056890,677948390,339464594,167240465,108312174,839079953,479334442,271788964,135498044,
277717575,591048681,811637561,353339603,889410460,839849206,192345193,736265527,316439118,217544623,
788132977,618898635,183011467,380858207,996097969,898554793,335353644,54062950,611251733,419363534,
965429853,160398980,151319402,990918946,607730875,450718279,173539388,648991369,970937898,500780548,
780122909,39052406,276894233,460373282,651081062,461415770,358700839,643638805,560006119,668123525,
686692315,673464765,957633609,199866123,563432246,841799766,385330357,504962686,954061253,128487469,
685707545,299172297,717975101,577786541,318951960,773206631,306832604,204355779,573592106,30977140,
450398100,363172638,258379324,472935553,93940075,587220627,776264326,793270300,291733496,522049725,
579995261,335416359,142946099,472012302,559947225,332139472,499377092,464599136,164752359,309058615,
86117128,580204973,563781682,954840109,624577416,895609896,888287558,836813268,926036911,386027524,
184419613,724205533,403351886,715247054,716986954,830567832,383388563,68409439,6734065,189239124,
68322490,943653305,405755338,811056092,179518046,825132993,343807435,985084650,868553027,148528617,
160684257,882148737,591915968,701445829,529726489,302177126,974886682,241107368,798830099,940567523,
11633075,325334066,346091869,115312728,473718967,218129285,878471898,180002392,699739374,917084264,
856859395,435327356,808651347,421623838,105419548,59883031,322487421,79716267,715317963,429277690,
398078032,316486674,384843585,940338439,937409008,940524812,947549662,833550543,593524514,996164327,
987314628,697611981,636177449,274192146,418537348,925347821,952831975,893732627,1277567,358655417,
141866945,581830879,987597705,347046911,775305697,125354499,951540811,247662371,343043237,568392357,
997474832,209244402,380480118,149586983,392838702,309134554,990779998,263053337,325362513,780072518,
551028176,990826116,989944961,155569943,596737944,711553356,268844715,451373308,379404150,462639908,
961812918,654611901,382776490,41815820,843321396,675258797,845583555,934281721,741114145,275105629,
666247477,325912072,526131620,252551589,432030917,554917439,818036959,754363835,795190182,909210595,
278704903,719566487,628514947,424989675,321685608,50590510,832069712,198768464,702004730,99199382,
707469729,747407118,302020341,497196934,5003231,726997875,382617671,296229203,183888367,703397904,
552133875,732868367,350095207,26031303,863250534,216665960,561745549,352946234,784139777,733333339,
503105966,459878625,803187381,16634739,180898306,68718097,985594252,404206040,749724532,97830135,
611751357,31131935,662741752,864326453,864869025,167831173,559214642,718498895,91352335,608823837,
473379392,385388084,152267158,681756977,46819124,313132653,56547945,442795120,796616594,256141983,
152028387,636578562,385377759,553033642,491415383,919273670,996049638,326686486,160150665,141827977,
540818053,693305776,593938674,186576440,688809790,565456578,749296077,519397500,551096742,696628828,
775025061,370732451,164246193,915265013,457469634,923043932,912368644,777901604,464118005,637939935,
956856710,490676632,453019482,462528877,502297454,798895521,100498586,699767918,849974789,811575797,
438952959,606870929,907720182,179111720,48053248,508038818,811944661,752550134,401382061,848924691,
764368449,34629406,529840945,435904287,26011548,208184231,446477394,206330671,366033520,131772368,
185646898,648711554,472759660,523696723,271198437,25058942,859369491,817928963,330711333,724464507,
437605233,701453022,626663115,281230685,510650790,596949867,295726547,303076380,465070856,272814771,
538771609,48824684,951279549,939889684,564188856,48527183,201307702,484458461,861754542,326159309,
181594759,668422905,286273596,965656187,44135644,359960756,936229527,407934361,267193060,456152084,
459116722,124804049,262322489,920251227,816929577,483924582,151834896,167087470,490222511,903466878,
361583925,368114731,339383292,388728584,218107212,249153339,909458706,322908524,202649964,92255682,
573074791,15570863,94331513,744158074,196345098,334326205,9416035,98349682,882121662,769795511,
231988936,888146074,137603545,582627184,407518072,919419361,909433461,986708498,310317874,373745190,
263645931,256853930,876379959,702823274,147050765,308186532,175504139,180350107,797736554,606241871,
384547635,273712630,586444655,682189174,666493603,946867127,819114541,502371023,261970285,825871994,
126925175,701506133,314738056,341779962,561011609,815463367,46765164,49187570,188054995,957939114,
64814326,933376898,329837066,338121343,765215899,869630152,978119194,632627667,975266085,435887178,
282092463,129621197,758245605,827722926,201339230,918513230,322096036,547838438,985546115,852304035,
593090119,689189630,555842733,567033437,469928208,212842957,117842065,404149413,155133422,663307737,
208761293,206282795,717946122,488906585,414236650,280700600,962670136,534279149,214569244,375297772,
811053196,922377372,289594327,219932130,211487466,701050258,398782410,863002719,27236531,217598709,
375472836,810551911,178598958,247844667,676526196,812283640,863066876,857241854,113917835,624148346,
726089763,564827277,826300950,478982047,439411911,454039189,633292726,48562889,802100365,671734977,
945204804,508831870,398781902,897162044,644050694,892168027,828883117,277714559,713448377,624500515,
590098114,808691930,514359662,895205045,715264908,628829100,484492064,919717789,513196123,748510389,
403652653,574455974,77123823,172096141,819801784,581418893,15655126,15391652,875641535,203191898,
264582598,880691101,907800444,986598821,340030191,264688936,369832433,785804644,842065079,423951674,
663560047,696623384,496709826,161960209,331910086,541120825,951524114,841656666,162683802,629786193,
190395535,269571439,832671304,76770272,341080135,421943723,494210290,751040886,317076664,672850561,
72482816,493689107,135625240,100228913,684748812,639655136,906233141,929893103,277813439,814362881,
562608724,406024012,885537778,10065330,60625018,983737173,60517502,551060742,804930491,823845496,
727416538,946421040,678171399,842203531,175638827,894247956,538609927,885362182,946464959,116667533,
749816133,241427979,871117927,281804989,163928347,563796647,640266394,774625892,59342705,256473217,
674115061,918860977,322633051,753513874,393556719,304644842,767372800,161362528,754787150,627655552,
677395736,799289297,846650652,816701166,687265514,787113234,358757251,701220427,607715125,245795606,
600624983,10475577,728620948,759404319,36292292,491466901,22556579,114495791,647630109,586445753,
482254337,718623833,763514207,66547751,953634340,351472920,308474522,494166907,634359666,172114298,
865440961,364380585,921648059,965683742,260466949,117483873,962540888,237120480,620531822,193781724,
213092254,107141741,602742426,793307102,756154604,236455213,362928234,14162538,753042874,778983779,
25977209,49389215,698308420,859637374,49031023,713258160,737331920,923333660,804861409,83868974,
682873215,217298111,883278906,176966527,954913,105359006,390019735,10430738,706334445,315103615,
567473423,708233401,48160594,946149627,346966053,281329488,462880311,31503476,185438078,965785236,
992656683,916291845,881482632,899946391,321900901,512634493,303338827,121000338,967284733,492741665,
152233223,165393390,680128316,917041303,532702135,741626808,496442755,536841269,131384366,377329025,
301196854,859917803,676511002,373451745,847645126,823495900,576368335,73146164,954958912,847549272,
241289571,646654592,216046746,205951465,3258987,780882948,822439091,598245292,869544707,698611116,
};
ll q(ll x,ll y)
{
	ll res=1;
	while(y)
	{
		if(y&1)
			res=res*x%mod;
		x=x*x%mod;
		y>>=1;
	}
	return res;
}
void init()  
{  
    fac[0]=inv[0]=1;      
    for(int i=1;i<=1000002;i++)      
    {      
        fac[i]=(fac[i-1]*i)%mod;  
        inv[i]=q(fac[i],mod-2);      
    }      
}  
ll work(ll a,ll b)  
{  
    if(a<b)  
        return 0;  
    if(a==b)  
        return 1;  
    return fac[a]*inv[b]%mod*inv[a-b]%mod;  
}  
int main(void)
{
	init();
	ll n,m,k,i,j,x,y,z,T,tmp=1,num=0;
	/*for(i=1;i<=1000000000;i++)
	{
		tmp=tmp*i%mod;
		if(i%1000000==0)
		{
			num++;
			printf("%lld,",tmp);
			if(num%10==0)
				printf("\n");
		}
	}*/
	scanf("%lld",&T);
	while(T--)
	{
		scanf("%lld%lld%lld",&n,&m,&k);
		if(k==1)
		{
			if(n==1)
			{
				printf("%lld\n",m);
				continue;
			}
			else
			{
				printf("0\n");
				continue;
			}
		}
		x=y=z=1;
		for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
			if(i*1000000>=m)
			{
				num=i-1;
				break;
			}
		x=b[num];
		for(i=num*1000000+1;i<=m;i++)
			x=x*i%mod;
		for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
			if(i*1000000>=k)
			{
				num=i-1;
				break;
			}
		y=b[num];
		for(i=num*1000000+1;i<=k;i++)
			y=y*i%mod;
		for(i=1;i<=1000;i++)
			if(i*1000000>=m-k)
			{
				num=i-1;
				break;
			}
		z=b[num];
		for(i=num*1000000+1;i<=m-k;i++)
			z=z*i%mod;
		y=q(y,mod-2);
		z=q(z,mod-2);
		x=x*y%mod*z%mod;
		z=1;y=0;
		for(i=k;i>1;i--)
			y=(y+work(k,i)*z%mod*i%mod*q(i-1,n-1))%mod,z=-z;
		x=x*y%mod;
		if(x<0)
			x+=mod;
		printf("%lld\n",x);
	}
	return 0;
}