在C++及其面向对象的理论中,有这样的场景:一个类继承自另外一个类,如果这两个类都有一个函数名和参数及其返回值一样的成员函数,那么子类的函数会自动将父类对应的函数隐藏。即同名隐藏。在有时的开发过程中,我们却希望子类的成员函数和父类的成员函数均要执行。那么就需要在子类的成员函数中,显式地对父类同名的成员函数进行调用。
process begin at 0x401a65
BaseClass::BaseClass() 0x62feee
SubClassA::SubClassA() 0x62feee
隐藏基类成员的测试
SubClassA::ShowMsg2() 0x62feee
=====显式调用被隐藏的基类成员的测试========
BaseClass::ShowMsg() 0x62feee
SubClassA::ShowMsg() 0x62feee
======end test=========
SubClassA::~SubClassA() 0x62feee
BaseClass::~BaseClass() 0x62feee
下面的例子即演示了同名隐藏的概念和避免同名隐藏的方法。
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class BaseClass
{
public:
BaseClass()
{
cout << "BaseClass::BaseClass()\t" << this << endl;
}
~BaseClass()
{
cout << "BaseClass::~BaseClass()\t" << this << endl;
}
void ShowMsg()
{
cout << "BaseClass::ShowMsg()\t" << this << endl;
}
void ShowMsg2()
{
cout << "BaseClass::ShowMsg2()\t" << this << endl;
}
};
class SubClassA: public BaseClass
{
public:
SubClassA()
{
cout << "SubClassA::SubClassA()\t" << this << endl;
}
~SubClassA()
{
cout << "SubClassA::~SubClassA()\t" << this << endl;
}
void ShowMsg()
{
BaseClass::ShowMsg();
cout << "SubClassA::ShowMsg()\t" << this << endl;
}
void ShowMsg2()
{
cout << "SubClassA::ShowMsg2()\t" << this << endl;
}
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
cout << "process begin at\t" << (void*) &main << endl;
SubClassA subClassA;
cout << "隐藏基类成员的测试" << endl;
subClassA.ShowMsg2();
cout << "=====显式调用被隐藏的基类成员的测试========" << endl;
subClassA.ShowMsg();
cout << "======end test=========" << endl;
return 0;
}
程序的日志:
process begin at 0x401a65
BaseClass::BaseClass() 0x62feee
SubClassA::SubClassA() 0x62feee
隐藏基类成员的测试
SubClassA::ShowMsg2() 0x62feee
=====显式调用被隐藏的基类成员的测试========
BaseClass::ShowMsg() 0x62feee
SubClassA::ShowMsg() 0x62feee
======end test=========
SubClassA::~SubClassA() 0x62feee
BaseClass::~BaseClass() 0x62feee