Linux Oracle常见命令总结

于 2021-10-17 20:50:00 发布
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1.查看Oracle的进程

[oracle@asm01 ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
oracle   16633     1  0 17:04 ?        00:00:02 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle   16635     1  0 17:04 ?        00:00:00 ora_clmn_orcl
oracle   16637     1  0 17:04 ?        00:00:05 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle   16640     1  2 17:05 ?        00:05:11 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle   16644     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle   16646     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle   16650     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:12 ora_gen1_orcl
oracle   16653     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_diag_orcl
oracle   16655     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_ofsd_orcl
oracle   16658     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:15 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle   16660     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_vkrm_orcl
oracle   16662     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_svcb_orcl
oracle   16664     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:02 ora_pman_orcl
oracle   16666     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:44 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle   16668     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle   16670     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle   16672     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:07 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle   16674     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_lg00_orcl
oracle   16676     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle   16678     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_lg01_orcl
oracle   16680     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:02 ora_smco_orcl
oracle   16682     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle   16684     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_w000_orcl
oracle   16686     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_lreg_orcl
oracle   16688     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_w001_orcl
oracle   16690     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_pxmn_orcl
oracle   16692     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:21 ora_fenc_orcl
oracle   16694     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:09 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle   16696     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:19 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle   16699     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle   16701     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle   16703     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_tmon_orcl
oracle   16713     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:27 ora_m000_orcl
oracle   16725     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_tt00_orcl
oracle   16727     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_tt01_orcl
oracle   16729     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_tt02_orcl
oracle   16733     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_w002_orcl
oracle   16736     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_aqpc_orcl
oracle   16738     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_qm02_orcl
oracle   16742     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_q002_orcl
oracle   16748     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p000_orcl
oracle   16750     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p001_orcl
oracle   16752     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p002_orcl
oracle   16754     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p003_orcl
oracle   16756     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p004_orcl
oracle   16758     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p005_orcl
oracle   16760     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p006_orcl
oracle   16762     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p007_orcl
oracle   16764     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p008_orcl
oracle   16766     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p009_orcl
oracle   16768     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00a_orcl
oracle   16770     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00b_orcl
oracle   16772     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00c_orcl
oracle   16774     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00d_orcl
oracle   16776     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00e_orcl
oracle   16778     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00f_orcl
oracle   16781     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00g_orcl
oracle   16783     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00h_orcl
oracle   16785     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00i_orcl
oracle   16787     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:01 ora_p00j_orcl
oracle   16791     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:22 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle   16969     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_w003_orcl
oracle   16987     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:30 ora_m001_orcl
oracle   16989     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:30 ora_m002_orcl
oracle   17021     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_w004_orcl
oracle   17068     1  0 17:05 ?        00:00:00 ora_q003_orcl
oracle   17833     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:30 ora_m004_orcl
oracle   17838     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w005_orcl
oracle   17843     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w006_orcl
oracle   17850     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w007_orcl
oracle   17883     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w008_orcl
oracle   17888     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w009_orcl
oracle   17892     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00a_orcl
oracle   17896     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00b_orcl
oracle   17903     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00c_orcl
oracle   17908     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00d_orcl
oracle   17912     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00e_orcl
oracle   17917     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00f_orcl
oracle   17923     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00g_orcl
oracle   17928     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00h_orcl
oracle   17932     1  0 17:15 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00i_orcl
oracle   17938     1  0 17:16 ?        00:00:00 ora_w00j_orcl
oracle   18673     1  0 17:25 ?        00:00:25 ora_m005_orcl
oracle   26139     1  0 18:55 ?        00:00:13 ora_m003_orcl
oracle   30323     1  0 19:42 ?        00:00:00 ora_asmb_orcl
oracle   30327     1  0 19:42 ?        00:00:00 ora_rbal_orcl
oracle   30330     1  0 19:42 ?        00:00:00 ora_mark_orcl

在检查Oracle的进程命令输出后，输出显示至少应包括以下一些进程：
Oracle 写数据文件的进程，输出显示为：”ora_dbw0_orcl”
Oracle 写日志文件的进程，输出显示为：”ora_lgwr_orcl”
Oracle 监听实例状态的进程，输出显示为：”ora_smon_orcl”
Oracle 监听客户端连接进程状态的进程，输出显示为：”ora_pmon_orcl”https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

2.查看数据库的实例状态

https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940 
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> set pagesize 200
SQL> col instance_name for a20
SQL> col status for a20
SQL> col database_status for a20
SQL> select instance_name,status,version,database_status from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME        STATUS               VERSION                            DATABASE_STATUS
-------------------- -------------------- ---------------------------------- --------------------
orcl                 OPEN                 19.0.0.0.0                         ACTIVE

3.查看数据库的日志模式https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

SQL> select name,log_mode,open_mode from v$database;

NAME               LOG_MODE                 OPEN_MODE
------------------ ------------------------ ----------------------------------------
ORCL               NOARCHIVELOG             READ WRITE

其中LOG_MODE表示Oracle当前的归档方式。ARCHIVELOG表示数据库运行在归档模式下，NOARCHIVELOG表示数据库运行在非归档模式下。

https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

4.查看数据库alert_SID.log 中的ora-的错误信息

[oracle@asm01 trace]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace
[oracle@asm01 trace]$ cat alert_orcl.log | grep -i ora-
ORA-1109 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL...
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 2 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
ORA-65221 signalled during: alter pluggable database application APP$CDB$SYSTEM begin install '1.0'...

5.查alert_SID.log中的err的信息https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

[oracle@asm01 trace]$ cat alert_orcl.log | grep -i err-

6.查alert_SID.log的fail的信息

[oracle@asm01 trace]$ cat alert_orcl.log | grep -i failed
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 2 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1

7.查看控制文件状态

SQL> col name for a50
SQL> select status,name from v$controlfile;

STATUS               NAME
-------------------- --------------------------------------------------
                     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control01.ctl
                     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/control02.ctl

STATUS状态为空表示控制文件状态正常。https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

8.查询日志状态

https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940 
SQL> col member for a50
SQL> select group#,status,member from v$logfile;

    GROUP# STATUS               MEMBER
---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------
         3                      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo03.log
         2                      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo02.log
         1                      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/redo01.log

9.查询数据状态https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

SQL> select file#,status,name from v$datafile;

     FILE# STATUS               NAME
---------- -------------------- --------------------------------------------------
         1 SYSTEM               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/system01.dbf
         3 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/sysaux01.dbf
         4 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/undotbs01.dbf
         5 SYSTEM               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/system01.dbf
         6 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
         7 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/users01.dbf
         8 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
         9 SYSTEM               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb/system01.dbf
        10 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb/sysaux01.dbf
        11 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb/undotbs01.dbf
        12 ONLINE               /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/pdb/users01.dbf
        13 ONLINE               +DATA/ORCL/DATAFILE/tbs01.257.1086205379

12 rows selected.

10.查询表空间状态https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

SQL> select tablespace_name,status from dba_tablespaces;

TABLESPACE_NAME                                              STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------
SYSTEM                                                       ONLINE
SYSAUX                                                       ONLINE
UNDOTBS1                                                     ONLINE
TEMP                                                         ONLINE
USERS                                                        ONLINE
TBS01                                                        ONLINE
TEMP_TBS01                                                   ONLINE

7 rows selected.

11.检查Oracle所有回滚段的状态

SQL> select segment_name,status from dba_rollback_segs;

SEGMENT_NAME                                                 STATUS
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------
SYSTEM                                                       ONLINE
_SYSSMU1_1261223759$                                         ONLINE
_SYSSMU2_27624015$                                           ONLINE
_SYSSMU3_2421748942$                                         ONLINE
_SYSSMU4_625702278$                                          ONLINE
_SYSSMU5_2101348960$                                         ONLINE
_SYSSMU6_813816332$                                          ONLINE
_SYSSMU7_2329891355$                                         ONLINE
_SYSSMU8_399776867$                                          ONLINE
_SYSSMU9_1692468413$                                         ONLINE
_SYSSMU10_930580995$                                         ONLINE

11 rows selected.

12.查看Oracle初始化文件中相关的参数值

SQL> col RESOURCE_NAME for a30
SQL> select resource_name,current_utilization,max_utilization,initial_allocation  ,limit_value from v$resource_limit;

RESOURCE_NAME                  CURRENT_UTILIZATION MAX_UTILIZATION INITIAL_ALLOCATION
------------------------------ ------------------- --------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LIMIT_VALUE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
processes                                       92              97       2000
      2000

sessions                                       107             112       3030
      3030

enqueue_locks                                   33              59      34920
     34920

enqueue_resources                               24              45      13552
 UNLIMITED

ges_procs                                        0               0          0
         0

ges_ress                                         0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

ges_locks                                        0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

ges_cache_ress                                   0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

ges_reg_msgs                                     0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

ges_big_msgs                                     0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

ges_rsv_msgs                                     0               0          0
         0

gcs_resources                                    0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

gcs_shadows                                      0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

smartio_overhead_memory                          0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

smartio_buffer_memory                            0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

smartio_metadata_memory                          0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

smartio_sessions                                 0               0          0
 UNLIMITED

dml_locks                                        0              19      13332
 UNLIMITED

temporary_table_locks                            0               0  UNLIMITED
 UNLIMITED

transactions                                     0               1       3333
 UNLIMITED

branches                                         0               0       3333
 UNLIMITED

cmtcallbk                                        0               2       3333
 UNLIMITED

max_rollback_segments                           11              11       3333
     65535

sort_segment_locks                               2               4  UNLIMITED
 UNLIMITED

k2q_locks                                        0               0       6060
 UNLIMITED

max_shared_servers                               1               2  UNLIMITED
 UNLIMITED

parallel_max_servers                            20              20        200
     32767

13.检查Oracle各个表空间的增长情况

Select  A.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100 used_percent
from (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) A, (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) B
where A.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;

TABLESPACE_NAME                                              USED_PERCENT
------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
SYSTEM                                                         99.9438202
TBS01                                                                  .2
SYSAUX                                                         94.7916667
UNDOTBS1                                                       68.2366071
USERS                                                               53.75

14.检查一些扩展异常的对象

select segment_name,segment_type,tablespace_name,
  (extents/max_extents)*100 Percent from sys.DBA_segments
  where max_extents!=0 and (extents/max_extents)*100>=95
  order by percent;

no rows selected

15.检查system表空间内的内容

select distinct(owner) from dba_tables
where tablespace_name='SYSTEM' and owner!='SYS'
and owner!='SYSTEM'
union
select distinct(owner) from dba_indexes
where tablespace_name='SYSTEM'
and owner!='SYS' and owner!='SYSTEM';

OWNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GSMADMIN_INTERNAL
LBACSYS
OJVMSYS
OUTLN

如果有记录返回，则表明system表空间内存在一些非system和sys用户的对象。应该进一步检查这些对象是否与应用相关.
16.检查对象的下一扩展与表空间的最大扩展值

select a.table_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name
from all_tables a,
(select tablespace_name,max(bytes) as big_chunk
from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f
where f.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name
and a.next_extent>f.big_chunk
union
select a.index_name,a.next_extent,a.tablespace_name
from all_indexes a,
(select tablespace_name,max(bytes) as big_chunk
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) f
where f.tablespace_name=a.tablespace_name
and a.next_extent>f.big_chunk;

如果有记录返回，则表明这些对象的下一个扩展大于该对象所属表空间的最大扩展值，需调整相应表空间的存储参数https://www.cndba.cn/hbhe0316/article/4940

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。

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#### 六、Linux 常用命令总结 为了更好地管理 Linux 系统下的 Oracle 数据库，熟悉一些基本的 Linux 命令也非常有用： 1. **帮助命令**: - `man`: 显示命令的手册页。 - `<command> --help`: 显示命令的帮助信息...
Linux下ORACLE使用命令
01-16
大家在应用ORACLE的时候可能会遇到很多看起来不难的问题, 特别对新手来说, 今天我简单把它总结一下, 发布给大家, 希望对大家有帮助! 和大家一起探讨, 共同进步!
Linux oracle命令大全
budapest的专栏
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一、启动： 1.#su - oracle              切换到oracle用户且切换到它的环境 2.$lsnrctl status           查看监听及数据库状态 3.$lsnrctl start            启动监听 4.$sqlplus / as sysdba       以DBA身份进入sqlplus 5.SQL>startup
Linux_Oracle命令大全
涂作权的博客
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 一，启动   1.#su - oracle              切换到oracle用户且切换到它的环境   2.$lsnrctl status           查看监听及数据库状态   3.$lsnrctl start            启动监听   4.$sqlplus / as sysdba       以DBA
linux oracle 运维_oracle数据库常用命令整理
weixin_39856803的博客
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这篇文章主要介绍了oracle查询语句，有助于新手迅速熟悉ORACLE基本语法有助于新手迅速熟悉ORACLE基本语法，需要的朋友可以收藏下oracle查看用户状态selectusername,account_statusfromdba_users;查看所有角色select*fromdba_roles;锁定用户alteruserXXXaccountlock;Linux下...
Linux与oracle常用命令
ai_liuxl7的博客
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1、数据备份DMP文件语句exp ucr_o2o_audit/o2o#puad@o2odb  file=E:\upload\order_detail_20171204.dmp tables=(t_dc_order_center_detail,t_dc_cb_bs_trade_detail,ts_r_ecs_order,ts_r_trade)2、查看表空间语句SELECT a.tablespace...
linux 上plsql命令_linux下oracle常用命令
weixin_39743622的博客
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tail -f catalina.out看日志ps -ef|grep java看进程rm -rf zhijian删除zhijian文件夹control(275590805) 16:11:41control_net@163.com275590806s试试我的超级用户：root 111111Oracle用户：oracle oracle数据库实例：edu数据库用户：sysdba sysdab创建表...
Linux 下的oracle 操作命令
zj0910
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查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式 SQL>Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 1、表 查看用户下所有的表 SQL>select * from user_tables; 查看名称包含log字符的表 SQL>select object_name,object_id from user_objects  where i
Linux、Oracle常用命令
原野
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####################服务的启动####################################### 1.ActiveMQ启动： ./activemq -Dxbean:myConf.xml & 用exit退出！ 2.oracle启动和停止： 1）启动脚本（dbstart.sh） 切换用户：su - oracle 第一步：lsnrctl sta
Linux下Oracle常用命令
HJWZYY
07-23 3884
Linux下安装Oracle 11g 传送门: http://www.oracle.com/ocom/groups/public/@otn/documents/webcontent/229016_zhs.htm 登陆oracle &gt;su - oracle &gt;sqlplus /nolog 管理员登陆 &gt;conn /as sysdba 用户登陆 &gt;conn ...
linux运维oracle常用命令
09-10
当涉及到 Linux 运维 Oracle 数据库时，以下是一些常用的命令： 1. `su - oracle`：切换到 oracle 用户。 2. `sqlplus / as sysdba`：以系统管理员身份登录到 Oracle 数据库。 3. `lsnrctl start`：启动监听程序。 4. `lsnrctl status`：检查监听程序的状态。 5. `lsnrctl stop`：停止监听程序。 6. `sqlplus username/password@database`：以指定的用户名、密码和数据库连接字符串登录到 Oracle 数据库。 7. `alter session set nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD';`：设置会话的日期格式。 8. `shutdown immediate`：立即关闭数据库。 9. `startup`：启动数据库。 10. `shutdown abort`：强制关闭数据库。 11. `alter system checkpoint;`：手动执行检查点操作。 12. `alter tablespace TABLESPACE_NAME offline;`：将指定的表空间设置为脱机状态。 13. `alter tablespace TABLESPACE_NAME online;`：将指定的表空间设置为联机状态。 14. `expdp username/password@database tables=TABLE_NAME directory=DIRECTORY_NAME dumpfile=DUMPFILE_NAME.dmp`：使用 Data Pump 工具导出指定表的数据。 15. `impdp username/password@database directory=DIRECTORY_NAME dumpfile=DUMPFILE_NAME.dmp full=y`：使用 Data Pump 工具导入完整的数据库备份。 这只是一些常见的命令，根据实际情况可能会有所差异。在运维过程中，还应该熟悉其他管理和监控命令，并根据需要进行相应操作。
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