maven项目类包规划，添加依赖，数据库准备

近来无事，复习复习Spring相关知识，从《Spring企业应用开发实战》这本书开始。

　　本文为学习《Spring企业应用开发实战》总结，著作权归原作者。

一、用Maven建立web项目

1.点击“File”->“New”->"Other"->输入“Maven”，新建一个“Maven Project”，如下图所示：

2.请勾选“Create a simple project”，创建一个简单的项目，不使用模板。也可以使用模板，选择WebApp，不过这里就不应该勾选。如下图所示：

 

3.填写好包名、项目名，选择打包类型为：war，如下图所示：

 

4.项目创建好后可能会发现有错误，选择项目，右键“属性properties”->"层面Project Facets"->"Java"修改版本号为1.8，默认为1.5；点击“Ok”保存后关闭。如下图所示：

 

5.重复上一个步骤，反勾Dynamic Web Module，将项目暂时变成非Web项目。点击“Ok”保存后关闭。

6.重复上一步骤，再进层面属性，勾选“Dynamic Web Module”选择Version为3.0。点击左下角的超链接“Further Configuration available...“。

7.勾选“Generate web.xml deployment descriptor”生成web.xml部署描述文件。点击“Ok”保存后关闭。

 

8.将生成的WebContent目录下的两个文件夹“META-INF”与“WEB-INF”复制到src/main/webapp目录下。

 

9.删除WebContent目录。

 

10.删除后会发现项目的pom.xml文件报错，是因为找不到指定位置的web.xml文件引起的。再进入项目的属性，选择“Deployment Assembly”项目部署项，删除“src/test/java”、“src/test/resources”与“WebContent”目录，因为这三项不需要部署出去。

 

11.点击“Add添加”后选择“Folder文件夹”为项目的最终部署结果指定Web内容根文件夹。

 

12.选择src\main\webapp目录为目标目录，点击“Finish完成”保存并关闭。

 

13.如果此时项目还报错，随便修改pom.xml文件后保存后应该错误会消失。

14.此后项目运行需要添加tomcat运行环境就不赘述了。

 二、类包规划，添加依赖，数据库准备

1.类包规划

2.pom.xml中添加lib依赖

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.adam</groupId>
    <artifactId>Chapter2</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <properties>
        <!-- springframe 版本控制 -->
        <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- springframe start -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- springframe end -->

        <!--mysql数据库驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.38</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--log4j日志包 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JUnit单元测试工具 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- aspectJ AOP 织入器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.9</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- jstl -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- define the project compile level -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

　　如果eclise没有自动下载jar包，右键“属性properties”->"Maven"->"Update Project..",强制更新。

3.数据库准备

　　建立数据库sampledb，添加两张表，结构如下：

　　t_user为用户信息表，t_login_log为用户登录日志表。表的引擎要指定InnoDB,因为该引擎支持事务。

　　初始化一条数据，用户名和密码用于测试登录。

 三、持久层

1.建立领域对象（实体类）

User.java

package com.adam.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

public class User implements Serializable {
    private int userId;
    private String userName;
    private String password;
    private int credits;
    private String lastIp;
    private Date lastVisit;

    public int getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(int userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public int getCredits() {
        return credits;
    }

    public void setCredits(int credits) {
        this.credits = credits;
    }

    public String getLastIp() {
        return lastIp;
    }

    public void setLastIp(String lastIp) {
        this.lastIp = lastIp;
    }

    public Date getLastVisit() {
        return lastVisit;
    }

    public void setLastVisit(Date lastVisit) {
        this.lastVisit = lastVisit;
    }

}

LoginLog.java

package com.adam.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

public class LoginLog implements Serializable {
    private int loginLogId;
    private int userId;
    private String ip;
    private Date loginDate;

    public int getLoginLogId() {
        return loginLogId;
    }

    public void setLoginLogId(int loginLogId) {
        this.loginLogId = loginLogId;
    }

    public int getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(int userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getIp() {
        return ip;
    }

    public void setIp(String ip) {
        this.ip = ip;
    }

    public Date getLoginDate() {
        return loginDate;
    }

    public void setLoginDate(Date loginDate) {
        this.loginDate = loginDate;
    }

}

2.数据处理对象

UserDao.java

package com.adam.dao;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowCallbackHandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.adam.domain.User;

@Repository
public class UserDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public int getMatchCount(String name, String password) {
        String sql = "SELECT count(*) FROM t_user WHERE user_name = ? and password = ?";
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForInt(sql, new Object[] { name, password });
    }

    public User findUserByName(final String name) {
        String sql = "select user_id,user_name,credits from t_user where user_name = ?";
        final User user = new User();
        jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new Object[] { name }, new RowCallbackHandler() {

            public void processRow(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException {
                user.setUserId(rs.getInt("user_id"));
                user.setUserName(name);
                user.setCredits(rs.getInt("credits"));
            }
        });
        return user;
    }

    public void updateLoginInfo(User user) {
        String sql = "update t_user set last_visit = ?,last_ip = ?, credits = ? where user_id = ?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql,
                new Object[] { user.getLastVisit(), user.getLastIp(), user.getCredits(), user.getUserId() });
    }
}

LoginLogDao.java

package com.adam.dao;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.adam.domain.LoginLog;

@Repository
public class LoginLogDao {
    @Autowired
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void insertLoginLog(LoginLog loginLog) {
        String sql = "insert into t_login_log(user_id, ip,login_datatime) values(?,?,?)";
        Object[] pra = { loginLog.getUserId(), loginLog.getIp(), loginLog.getLoginDate() };
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, pra);
    }
}

3.在spring中装配Dao

　　在Dao中并没有打开或释放数据库连接，那么Dao是如何访问数据库的？而且在Dao中使用的JdbcTemplate是从哪来的？这都是spring帮我们实现的，所以需要在spring中装配Dao。

　　创建spring配置文件applicationContext.xml,结构如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
    ...
</beans>

　　在其中加入配置信息

<!-- 扫描包，应用注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.adam.dao" />
<!--定义一个jdbc数据源，创建一个驱动管理数据源的bean -->
    <bean id="jdbcDataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sampledb" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="AdamJin" />
    </bean>
<!-- 定义jdbc模板Bean -->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"
        p:dataSource-ref="jdbcDataSource" />

四、业务层

1.建立业务处理类

UserService.java

package com.adam.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.adam.dao.LoginLogDao;
import com.adam.dao.UserDao;
import com.adam.domain.LoginLog;
import com.adam.domain.User;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userdao;
    @Autowired
    private LoginLogDao loginLogDao;

    public boolean hasMatchUser(String name, String password) {
        int matchCount = userdao.getMatchCount(name, password);
        return matchCount > 0;
    }

    public User findUserByUsername(String username) {
        return userdao.findUserByName(username);
    }

    public void loginSuccess(User user) {
        user.setCredits(user.getCredits() + 5);
        LoginLog loginLog = new LoginLog();
        loginLog.setUserId(user.getUserId());
        loginLog.setIp(user.getLastIp());
        loginLog.setLoginDate(user.getLastVisit());
        userdao.updateLoginInfo(user);
        loginLogDao.insertLoginLog(loginLog);
    }
}

2.在spring中装配Service

　　打开刚建立的applicationContext.xml，在其中添加

<!-- 扫描包，应用注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.adam.service" />
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"
        p:dataSource-ref="jdbcDataSource" />

<!-- 通过AOP配置事务增强，让service包下所有Bean的所有方法拥有事务 -->
    <aop:config proxy-target-class="true">
        <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.adam.service..*(..))"
            id="serviceMethod" />
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceMethod" />
    </aop:config>
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <tx:method name="*"></tx:method>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>

　　至此后端就算完成了，可以进行单元测试了。

五、单元测试

　　右击New->Other选择如图，创建单元测试类

TestUserService.java

package com.adam.test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.util.Date;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.adam.domain.User;
import com.adam.service.UserService;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "/applicationContext.xml" })
public class TestUserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    public void hasMatchedUser() {
        boolean b1 = userService.hasMatchUser("admin", "123456");
        boolean b2 = userService.hasMatchUser("admin", "1236");

        assertTrue(b1);
        assertTrue(!b2);
    }

    @Test
    public void findUserByUsername(){
        User user = userService.findUserByUsername("admin");
        assertEquals(user.getUserName(), "admin");
        user.setLastIp("192.168.11.188");
        user.setLastVisit(new Date());
        userService.loginSuccess(user);
    }

}

Run As -> JUnit Test得到以下结果，便测试成功，数据库也会多出登陆日志数据。

六、展示层

　　业务层和持久层开发任务结束，需要界面提供展示。

1.配置Spring MVC框架

 修改web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
    id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <!-- 从类路径下载spring配置文件 -->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>
            classpath:applicationContext.xml
        </param-value>
    </context-param>
    <!-- 负责启动spring容器监听器，将引用上面的上下文参数获取spring配置文件地址 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <!-- springMVC主控制servlet -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>adam</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:adam-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <!-- springMVC处理的url -->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>adam</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

注意：上面代码23行若不配置，spring会到WEB-INF下找*-servle.xml,*是servlet配置的name。

adam-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 扫描包，应用注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.adam.web" />

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
        p:viewClass="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
        p:suffix=".jsp" />

</beans>

2.控制器类

LoginController.java

package com.adam.web;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.adam.domain.User;
import com.adam.service.UserService;

@Controller
public class LoginController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/index.html")
    public String loginPage() {
        return "login";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/loginCheck.html")
    public ModelAndView loginCheck(HttpServletRequest request, LoginCommand loginCommand){
        boolean isVaildUser = userService.hasMatchUser(loginCommand.getUsername(), loginCommand.getPassword());
        if(!isVaildUser){
            return new ModelAndView("login", "error", "用户名或密码错误");
        }else{
            User user = userService.findUserByUsername(loginCommand.getUsername());
            user.setLastIp(request.getLocalAddr());
            user.setLastVisit(new Date());
            userService.loginSuccess(user);
            request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
            return new ModelAndView("main");
        }
    }
}

其中需要一个表单pojo

LoginCommand.java

package com.adam.web;

public class LoginCommand {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

}

3.jsp视图页面

　　在WEB-INF下建立文件夹jsp，并新建以下文件。

login.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>登陆</title>
</head>
<body>
    <c:if test="${!empty error}">
        <font color="red"><c:out value="${error}" /></font>
    </c:if>
    <form action="<c:url value="/loginCheck.html"/>" method="post">
        用户名： <input type="text" name="username"> <br /> 密   码： <input
            type="password" name="password"> <br /> <input type="submit"
            value="提交"> <input type="reset" value="重置">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

main.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>首页</title>
</head>
<body>${user.userName},欢迎您，您的积分是${user.credits}。
</body>
</html>

到此，整个实例就完成了。

七、运行

Run As -> Run on Server,输入地址 http://localhost:8080/Chapter2/index.html 便会看到

输入正确的信息即可登录成功

八、源码下载

 点击下载