linux 本地通信实例 AF_UNIX close (sockfd）很重要

程序说明：
程序里包含服务端和客户端两个程序，它们之间使用 AF_UNIX 实现本机数据流通信。使用 AF_UNIX 域实际上是使用本地 socket 文件来通信。

服务器端代码：
 

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int   main  ( int   argc ,   char   * argv [])
{
         int   server_sockfd ,   client_sockfd ;
         int   server_len ,   client_len ;
         struct   sockaddr_un   server_address ;       /*声明一个UNIX域套接字结构*/
         struct   sockaddr_un   client_address ;
         int   i ,   bytes ;
         char   ch_send ,   ch_recv ;
         unlink  ( "server_socket" );        /*删除原有server_socket对象*/
         /*创建 socket, 通信协议为AF_UNIX, SCK_STREAM 数据方式*/
         server_sockfd   =   socket  ( AF_UNIX ,   SOCK_STREAM ,   0 );
         /*配置服务器信息(通信协议)*/
         server_address . sun_family   =   AF_UNIX ;
         /*配置服务器信息(socket 对象)*/
         strcpy  ( server_address . sun_path ,   "server_socket" );
         /*配置服务器信息(服务器地址长度)*/
         server_len   =   sizeof  ( server_address );
         /*绑定 socket 对象*/
         bind  ( server_sockfd ,  ( struct   sockaddr   * ) & server_address ,   server_len );
         /*监听网络,队列数为5*/
         listen  ( server_sockfd ,   5 );
         printf  ( "Server is waiting for client connect... \n " );
         client_len   =   sizeof  ( client_address );
         /*接受客户端请求; 第2个参数用来存储客户端地址; 第3个参数用来存储客户端地址的大小*/
         /*建立(返回)一个到客户端的文件描述符,用以对客户端的读写操作*/
         client_sockfd   =   accept  ( server_sockfd ,  ( struct   sockaddr   * ) & server_address ,  ( socklen_t * ) & client_len );
         if  ( client_sockfd   ==   - 1 )  {
                 perror  ( "accept" );
                 exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
         }
         printf  ( "The server is waiting for client data... \n " );
         for  ( i   =   0 ,   ch_send   =   '1' ;  i   <   5 ;  i ++ ,   ch_send ++ )  {
                 if  (( bytes   =   read  ( client_sockfd ,   & ch_recv ,   1 ))  ==   - 1 )  {
                         perror  ( "read" );
                         exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
                 }
                 printf  ( "The character receiver from client is %c \n " ,   ch_recv );
                 sleep  ( 1 );
                 if  (( bytes   =   write  ( client_sockfd ,   & ch_send ,   1 ))  ==   - 1 )  {
                         perror  ( "read" );
                         exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
                 }
         }
                 close (client_sockfd) ;
                 unlink  ( "server socket" );
}

客户端代码：
 

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int   main  ( int   argc ,   char   * argv [])
{
     struct   sockaddr_un   address ;
     int   sockfd ;
     int   len ;
     int   i ,   bytes ;
     int   result ;
     char   ch_recv ,   ch_send ;

     /*创建socket,AF_UNIX通信协议,SOCK_STREAM数据方式*/
     if  (( sockfd   =   socket ( AF_UNIX ,   SOCK_STREAM ,   0 ))  ==   - 1 )  {
             perror  ( "socket" );
             exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
     }

     address . sun_family   =   AF_UNIX ;
     strcpy  ( address . sun_path ,   "server_socket" );
     len   =   sizeof  ( address );

     /*向服务器发送连接请求*/
     result   =   connect  ( sockfd ,  ( struct   sockaddr   * ) & address ,   len );
     if  ( result   ==   - 1 )  {
         printf  ( "ensure the server is up \n " );
         perror  ( "connect" );
         exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
     }

     for  ( i   =   0 ,   ch_send   =   'A' ;  i   <   5 ;  i ++ ,   ch_send ++ )  {
         if  (( bytes   =   write ( sockfd ,   & ch_send ,   1 ))  ==   - 1 )  {   /*发消息给服务器*/
             perror  ( "write" );
             exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
         }

         sleep  ( 2 );     /*休息二秒钟再发一次*/

         if  (( bytes   =   read  ( sockfd ,   & ch_recv ,   1 ))  ==   - 1 )  {   /*接收消息*/
             perror  ( "read" );
             exit  ( EXIT_FAILURE );
         }

         printf  ( "receive from server data is %c \n " ,   ch_recv );
     }
     close (sockfd);

     return  ( 0 );
}

程序说明：
先运行服务器端，然后再运行客户端可以在两边同时看到输出。服务器端先运行后会出现如下提示：
 

 ./sock_local_server 
Server is waiting for client connect...

这表示，服务器端已经被阻塞到到 accept() 这里，服务器就在此等候客户端的连接。
如果不是先运行服务器端，而直接运行客户端，那么客户端会提示：
 

 ./ sock_local_client 
ensure the server is up
connect: Connection refused

提示服务器没有准备好，连接被拒绝，从而直接退出程序。

如果服务器和客户端依次运行，可以在两边看到输出：
服务器端：
 

 ./sock_local_server 
Server is waiting for client connect...
The server is waiting for client data...
The character receiver from client is A
The character receiver from client is B
The character receiver from client is C
The character receiver from client is D
The character receiver from client is E

客户端：
 

./ sock_local_client 
receive from server data is 1
receive from server data is 2
receive from server data is 3
receive from server data is 4
receive from server data is 5

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