Java设计模式之中介者模式
- 智能家庭项目问题
(1) 智能家庭包括各种设备,闹钟、咖啡机、电视机、窗帘 等
(2) 主人要看电视时,各个设备可以协同工作,自动完成看电视的准备工作,比如流程为:闹铃响起->咖啡机开始做咖啡->窗帘自动落下->电视机开始播放 - 中介者模式基本介绍
(1)中介者模式(Mediator Pattern),用一个中介对象来封装一系列的对象交互。中介者使各个对象不需要显式地相互引用,从而使其耦合松散,而且可以独立地改变它们之间的交互
(2)中介者模式属于行为型模式,使代码易于维护
(3)比如 MVC 模式,C(Controller 控制器)是 M(Model 模型)和 V(View 视图)的中介者,在前后端交互时起到了中间人的作用 - 中介者模式原理类图
说明:
(1)Mediator 就是抽象中介者,定义了同事对象到中介者对象的接口
(2)Colleague 是抽象同事类
(3)ConcreteMediator 具体的中介者对象, 实现抽象方法, 他需要知道所有的具体的同事类,即以一个集合来管理HashMap,并接受某个同事对象消息,完成相应的任务
(4)ConcreteColleague 具体的同事类,会有很多, 每个同事只知道自己的行为,而不了解其他同事类的行为(方法),但是他们都依赖中介者对象 - 中介者模式解决智能家庭案例
(1)思路类图
(2)代码实现
public class ClientTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Mediator mediator = new ConcreteMediator();
Alarm alarm = new Alarm(mediator, "alarm");
CoffeeMachine coffeeMachine = new CoffeeMachine(mediator, "coffeeMachine");
Curtains curtains = new Curtains(mediator, "curtains");
TV tV = new TV(mediator, "TV");
alarm.SendAlarm(0);
coffeeMachine.FinishCoffee();
alarm.SendAlarm(1);
}
}
public abstract class Colleague {
private Mediator mediator;
public String name;
public Colleague(Mediator mediator, String name) {
this.mediator = mediator;
this.name = name;
}
public Mediator GetMediator() {
return this.mediator;
}
public abstract void SendMessage(int stateChange);
}
public abstract class Mediator {
public abstract void Register(String colleagueName, Colleague colleague);
public abstract void GetMessage(int stateChange, String colleagueName);
public abstract void SendMessage();
}
public class Alarm extends Colleague {
public Alarm(Mediator mediator, String name) {
super(mediator, name);
mediator.Register(name, this);
}
public void SendAlarm(int stateChange) {
SendMessage(stateChange);
}
@Override
public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
}
}
public class CoffeeMachine extends Colleague {
public CoffeeMachine(Mediator mediator, String name) {
super(mediator, name);
mediator.Register(name, this);
}
@Override
public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
}
public void StartCoffee() {
System.out.println("It's time to startcoffee!");
}
public void FinishCoffee() {
System.out.println("After 5 minutes!");
System.out.println("Coffee is ok!");
SendMessage(0);
}
}
public class Curtains extends Colleague {
public Curtains(Mediator mediator, String name) {
super(mediator, name);
mediator.Register(name, this);
}
@Override
public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
}
public void UpCurtains() {
System.out.println("I am holding Up Curtains!");
}
}
public class TV extends Colleague {
public TV(Mediator mediator, String name) {
super(mediator, name);
mediator.Register(name, this);
}
@Override
public void SendMessage(int stateChange) {
this.GetMediator().GetMessage(stateChange, this.name);
}
public void StartTv() {
System.out.println("It's time to StartTv!");
}
public void StopTv() {
System.out.println("StopTv!");
}
}
public class ConcreteMediator extends Mediator {
private HashMap<String, Colleague> colleagueMap;
private HashMap<String, String> interMap;
public ConcreteMediator() {
colleagueMap = new HashMap<String, Colleague>();
interMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
}
@Override
public void Register(String colleagueName, Colleague colleague) {
colleagueMap.put(colleagueName, colleague);
if (colleague instanceof Alarm) {
interMap.put("Alarm", colleagueName);
} else if (colleague instanceof CoffeeMachine) {
interMap.put("CoffeeMachine", colleagueName);
} else if (colleague instanceof TV) {
interMap.put("TV", colleagueName);
} else if (colleague instanceof Curtains) {
interMap.put("Curtains", colleagueName);
}
}
@Override
public void GetMessage(int stateChange, String colleagueName) {
if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof Alarm) {
if (stateChange == 0) {
((CoffeeMachine) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("CoffeeMachine")))).StartCoffee();
((TV) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("TV")))).StartTv();
} else if (stateChange == 1) {
((TV) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("TV")))).StopTv();
}
} else if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof CoffeeMachine) {
((Curtains) (colleagueMap.get(interMap.get("Curtains")))).UpCurtains();
} else if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof TV) {
} else if (colleagueMap.get(colleagueName) instanceof Curtains) {
}
}
@Override
public void SendMessage() {
}
}
- 中介者模式注意事项和细节
(1)多个类相互耦合,会形成网状结构, 使用中介者模式将网状结构分离为星型结构,进行解耦
(2)减少类间依赖,降低了耦合,符合迪米特原则
(3)中介者承担了较多的责任,一旦中介者出现了问题,整个系统就会受到影响