Spring Cloud （十）、声明式服务调用Feign（入门）

继续使用之前我们搭建好的注册中心eureka-server：Spring Cloud （一）、搭建服务注册中心

这里我们需要构建一个服务提供者（hello-service）和一个服务消费者（fegin-consumer）：

一、构建服务提供者

1、创建一个Spring Boot工程，取名为hello-service。

2、编写pom.xml，具体代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>hello-service</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>hello-service</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <properties>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

 3、在应用主类上添加@EnableDiscoveryClient注解，开启服务发现的功能：

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloServiceApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(HelloServiceApplication.class, args);
	}

}

4、编写application.properties配置文件：

#指定服务名称
spring.application.name=hello-service
#指定注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/

5、编写一个HelloController类，提供一个/hello接口供服务消费者进行调用消费

 

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(String.valueOf(HelloController.class));

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(){
        logger.info("=========调用了/hello接口=========");
        return "hello world!";
    }
}

二、构建服务消费者

1、创建一个Spring Boot工程，取名为fegin-consume：

2、编写pom.xml，具体代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.example</groupId>
   <artifactId>fegin-consume</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>fegin-consume</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <properties>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
      <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <dependencyManagement>
      <dependencies>
         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
         </dependency>
      </dependencies>
   </dependencyManagement>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>

</project>

3、在应用主类上添加@EnableFeginClients注解开启Spring Cloud Fegin的支持功能；添加@EnableDiscoveryClient开启服务发现的功能：

@EnableFeignClients
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class FeginConsumeApplication {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(FeginConsumeApplication.class, args);
	}

}

 4、编写application.properties配置文件：

#指定服务名称
spring.application.name=feign-consumer
#端口号
server.port=9001

#指定服务注册中心地址,多个注册中心以，隔开
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/

5、定义一个HelloService接口，通过@FeginClient注解指定服务名称来绑定服务，使用Spring MVC的注解（@RequestMapping）来绑定具体该服务提供的REST接口。

@FeignClient("hello-service")
@Service
public interface HelloService {
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    String hello();
}

 6、创建一个ConsumerController来实现会Fegin客户端（HelloService接口）的调用：

@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
    private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(String.valueOf(ConsumerController.class));

    @Autowired
    HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping("/feign-consumer")
    public String helloConsumer(){
        logger.info("=========helloConsumer=========");
        return helloService.hello();
    }
}

三、测试验证

   分别启动服务注册中心、两个hello-service（8081和8082）和fegin-consume，此时Eureka信息面板中可以看到：

 发送几次请求到http://localhost:9001/feign-consumer，可以看到返回了hello world!，我们再来看hello-service的两个控制台发现交替输出了=========调用了/hello接口=========信息，表明通过轮询的方式实现了客户端负载均衡。