python把字典转化为json的时候出现的编码问题

python虽好用，编码愁死人

做一个服务，需要把数据以json的形式发送出去，服务端写的时候是先把数据保存到字典里，然后通过json的dumps()转化为json ,这里就需注意dumps的具体用法，如下例子所示：

import json
json.dumps("中国")

这里输出的是汉字的ascii码，想要输出汉字就需要把参数设置好ensure_ascii=False

json.dumps('中国',ensure_ascii=False)

接下来我们来看一下源码把

def dumps(obj, *, skipkeys=False, ensure_ascii=True, check_circular=True,
        allow_nan=True, cls=None, indent=None, separators=None,
        default=None, sort_keys=False, **kw):
    """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON formatted ``str``.

    If ``skipkeys`` is true then ``dict`` keys that are not basic types
    (``str``, ``int``, ``float``, ``bool``, ``None``) will be skipped
    instead of raising a ``TypeError``.

    If ``ensure_ascii`` is false, then the return value can contain non-ASCII
    characters if they appear in strings contained in ``obj``. Otherwise, all
    such characters are escaped in JSON strings.

    If ``check_circular`` is false, then the circular reference check
    for container types will be skipped and a circular reference will
    result in an ``OverflowError`` (or worse).

    If ``allow_nan`` is false, then it will be a ``ValueError`` to
    serialize out of range ``float`` values (``nan``, ``inf``, ``-inf``) in
    strict compliance of the JSON specification, instead of using the
    JavaScript equivalents (``NaN``, ``Infinity``, ``-Infinity``).

    If ``indent`` is a non-negative integer, then JSON array elements and
    object members will be pretty-printed with that indent level. An indent
    level of 0 will only insert newlines. ``None`` is the most compact
    representation.

    If specified, ``separators`` should be an ``(item_separator, key_separator)``
    tuple.  The default is ``(', ', ': ')`` if *indent* is ``None`` and
    ``(',', ': ')`` otherwise.  To get the most compact JSON representation,
    you should specify ``(',', ':')`` to eliminate whitespace.

    ``default(obj)`` is a function that should return a serializable version
    of obj or raise TypeError. The default simply raises TypeError.

    If *sort_keys* is true (default: ``False``), then the output of
    dictionaries will be sorted by key.

    To use a custom ``JSONEncoder`` subclass (e.g. one that overrides the
    ``.default()`` method to serialize additional types), specify it with
    the ``cls`` kwarg; otherwise ``JSONEncoder`` is used.

    """
    # cached encoder
    if (not skipkeys and ensure_ascii and
        check_circular and allow_nan and
        cls is None and indent is None and separators is None and
        default is None and not sort_keys and not kw):
        return _default_encoder.encode(obj)
    if cls is None:
        cls = JSONEncoder
    return cls(
        skipkeys=skipkeys, ensure_ascii=ensure_ascii,
        check_circular=check_circular, allow_nan=allow_nan, indent=indent,
        separators=separators, default=default, sort_keys=sort_keys,
        **kw).encode(obj)

函数中有如下的说明，If ensure_ascii is false, then the return value can contain non-ASCII
characters if they appear in strings contained in obj. Otherwise, all
such characters are escaped in JSON strings.
如果是false的话就会返回给JSONEncoder以进行 编码，以返回非ascii码

        if isinstance(o, str):
            if self.ensure_ascii:
                return encode_basestring_ascii(o)
            else:
                return encode_basestring(o)

def encode_basestring(string): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    """
    encode_basestring(string) -> string
    
    Return a JSON representation of a Python string
    """
    return ""

之后转json的时候一定的注意这个问题

编码就是使用python中最常出现的问题，真是。。。