彻底理解spring的定制任务（scheduling）_spring: task: scheduling:-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/heardy/article/details/6096349

相信做软件的朋友都有这样的经历，我的软件是不是少了点什么东西呢？比如定时任务啊，

就拿新闻发布系统来说，如果新闻的数据更新太快，势必涉及一个问题，这些新闻不能由人工的去发布，应该让系统自己发布，这就需要用到定时定制任务了，以前定制任务无非就是设计一个Thread，并且设置运行时间片，让它到了那个时间执行一次，就ok了，让系统启动的时候启动它，想来也够简单的。不过有了spring，我想这事情就更简单了。

看看spring的配置文件，想来就只有这个配置文件了

上面三个配置文件中只有一个配置文件是涉及到您自己的class的，其他的都是spring的类。很简单吧

我们只需要涉及一个class让他继承java.util.TimerTask;

BaseTask extends java.util.TimerTask { //用户只需要实现这个方面，把自己的任务放到这里 public void run(){ } }

下面让我们来看看 spring的源代码

/* * Copyright 2002-2005 the original author or authors. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.springframework.scheduling.timer; import java.util.TimerTask; /** * JavaBean that describes a scheduled TimerTask, consisting of * the TimerTask itself (or a Runnable to create a TimerTask for) * and a delay plus period. Period needs to be specified; * there is no point in a default for it. * * The JDK Timer does not offer more sophisticated scheduling * options such as cron expressions. Consider using Quartz for * such advanced needs. * * Note that Timer uses a TimerTask instance that is shared * between repeated executions, in contrast to Quartz which * instantiates a new Job for each execution. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 19.02.2004 * @see java.util.TimerTask * @see java.util.Timer#schedule(TimerTask, long, long) * @see java.util.Timer#scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask, long, long) */ public class ScheduledTimerTask { private TimerTask timerTask; private long delay = 0; private long period = 0; private boolean fixedRate = false; /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask, * to be populated via bean properties. * @see #setTimerTask * @see #setDelay * @see #setPeriod * @see #setFixedRate */ public ScheduledTimerTask() { } /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask, with default * one-time execution without delay. * @param timerTask the TimerTask to schedule */ public ScheduledTimerTask(TimerTask timerTask) { this.timerTask = timerTask; } /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask, with default * one-time execution with the given delay. * @param timerTask the TimerTask to schedule * @param delay the delay before starting the task for the first time (ms) */ public ScheduledTimerTask(TimerTask timerTask, long delay) { this.timerTask = timerTask; this.delay = delay; } /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask. * @param timerTask the TimerTask to schedule * @param delay the delay before starting the task for the first time (ms) * @param period the period between repeated task executions (ms) * @param fixedRate whether to schedule as fixed-rate execution */ public ScheduledTimerTask(TimerTask timerTask, long delay, long period, boolean fixedRate) { this.timerTask = timerTask; this.delay = delay; this.period = period; this.fixedRate = fixedRate; } /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask, with default * one-time execution without delay. * @param timerTask the Runnable to schedule as TimerTask */ public ScheduledTimerTask(Runnable timerTask) { setRunnable(timerTask); } /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask, with default * one-time execution with the given delay. * @param timerTask the Runnable to schedule as TimerTask * @param delay the delay before starting the task for the first time (ms) */ public ScheduledTimerTask(Runnable timerTask, long delay) { setRunnable(timerTask); this.delay = delay; } /** * Create a new ScheduledTimerTask. * @param timerTask the Runnable to schedule as TimerTask * @param delay the delay before starting the task for the first time (ms) * @param period the period between repeated task executions (ms) * @param fixedRate whether to schedule as fixed-rate execution */ public ScheduledTimerTask(Runnable timerTask, long delay, long period, boolean fixedRate) { setRunnable(timerTask); this.delay = delay; this.period = period; this.fixedRate = fixedRate; } /** * Set the Runnable to schedule as TimerTask. * @see DelegatingTimerTask */ public void setRunnable(Runnable timerTask) { this.timerTask = new DelegatingTimerTask(timerTask); } /** * Set the TimerTask to schedule. */ public void setTimerTask(TimerTask timerTask) { this.timerTask = timerTask; } /** * Return the TimerTask to schedule. */ public TimerTask getTimerTask() { return timerTask; } /** * Set the delay before starting the task for the first time, * in milliseconds. Default is 0, immediately starting the * task after successful scheduling. */ public void setDelay(long delay) { this.delay = delay; } /** * Return the delay before starting the job for the first time. */ public long getDelay() { return delay; } /** * Set the period between repeated task executions, in milliseconds. * Default is 0, leading to one-time execution. In case of a positive * value, the task will be executed repeatedly, with the given interval * inbetween executions. * Note that the semantics of the period vary between fixed-rate * and fixed-delay execution. * @see #setFixedRate */ public void setPeriod(long period) { this.period = period; } /** * Return the period between repeated task executions. */ public long getPeriod() { return period; } /** * Set whether to schedule as fixed-rate execution, rather than * fixed-delay execution. Default is "false", i.e. fixed delay. * See Timer javadoc for details on those execution modes. * @see java.util.Timer#schedule(TimerTask, long, long) * @see java.util.Timer#scheduleAtFixedRate(TimerTask, long, long) */ public void setFixedRate(boolean fixedRate) { this.fixedRate = fixedRate; } /** * Return whether to schedule as fixed-rate execution. */ public boolean isFixedRate() { return fixedRate; } }

说实话这个类也没什么，只是简单的包装了我们的timertask，里面也就只有几个属性，一个是时间片，一个是任务等。

真正运行我们的任务的类是：

/* * Copyright 2002-2006 the original author or authors. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.springframework.scheduling.timer; import java.util.Timer; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean; import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean; /** * FactoryBean that sets up a JDK 1.3+ Timer and exposes it for bean references. * * Allows for registration of ScheduledTimerTasks, automatically starting * the Timer on initialization and cancelling it on destruction of the context. * In scenarios that just require static registration of tasks at startup, * there is no need to access the Timer instance itself in application code. * * Note that Timer uses a TimerTask instance that is shared between * repeated executions, in contrast to Quartz which instantiates a new * Job for each execution. * * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 19.02.2004 * @see ScheduledTimerTask * @see java.util.Timer * @see java.util.TimerTask */ public class TimerFactoryBean implements FactoryBean, InitializingBean, DisposableBean { protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); private ScheduledTimerTask[] scheduledTimerTasks; private boolean daemon = false; private Timer timer; /** * Register a list of ScheduledTimerTask objects with the Timer that * this FactoryBean creates. Depending on each SchedulerTimerTask's * settings, it will be registered via one of Timer's schedule methods. * @see java.util.Timer#schedule(java.util.TimerTask, long) * @see java.util.Timer#schedule(java.util.TimerTask, long, long) * @see java.util.Timer#scheduleAtFixedRate(java.util.TimerTask, long, long) */ public void setScheduledTimerTasks(ScheduledTimerTask[] scheduledTimerTasks) { this.scheduledTimerTasks = scheduledTimerTasks; } /** * Set whether the timer should use a daemon thread, * just executing as long as the application itself is running. * Default is "false": The timer will automatically get cancelled on * destruction of this FactoryBean. Hence, if the application shuts down, * tasks will by default finish their execution. Specify "true" for eager * shutdown of threads that execute tasks. * @see java.util.Timer#Timer(boolean) */ public void setDaemon(boolean daemon) { this.daemon = daemon; } public void afterPropertiesSet() { logger.info("Initializing Timer"); this.timer = createTimer(this.daemon); // Register all ScheduledTimerTasks. if (this.scheduledTimerTasks != null) { for (int i = 0; i < this.scheduledTimerTasks.length; i++) { ScheduledTimerTask scheduledTask = this.scheduledTimerTasks[i]; if (scheduledTask.getPeriod() > 0) { // repeated task execution if (scheduledTask.isFixedRate()) { this.timer.scheduleAtFixedRate( scheduledTask.getTimerTask(), scheduledTask.getDelay(), scheduledTask.getPeriod()); } else { this.timer.schedule( scheduledTask.getTimerTask(), scheduledTask.getDelay(), scheduledTask.getPeriod()); } } else { // One-time task execution. this.timer.schedule(scheduledTask.getTimerTask(), scheduledTask.getDelay()); } } } } /** * Create a new Timer instance. Called by <code>afterPropertiesSet</code>. * Can be overridden in subclasses to provide custom Timer subclasses. * @param daemon whether to create a Timer that runs as daemon thread * @return a new Timer instance * @see #afterPropertiesSet() * @see java.util.Timer#Timer(boolean) */ protected Timer createTimer(boolean daemon) { return new Timer(daemon); } public Object getObject() { return this.timer; } public Class getObjectType() { return Timer.class; } public boolean isSingleton() { return true; } /** * Cancel the Timer on bean factory shutdown, stopping all scheduled tasks. * @see java.util.Timer#cancel() */ public void destroy() { logger.info("Cancelling Timer"); this.timer.cancel(); } }

这个类就是运行我们任务的类了，我们可以定制N个任务，只需要塞到这里就ok了。

转自：http://www.javaeye.com/topic/67095