Shell script的语法五：循环

Shell script的循环有以下几种：

一、不定次数循环：while do done, until do done

1、while do done的语法

while [ condition ]  #中括号内是判断条件
do                            #do 是循环语句开始关键字
	程序代码
done                       #done 是循环结束关键字

该循环的含义：当 condition 条件成立时，就进行循环，直到 condition 的条件不成立进行停止

示例：

#!/bin/bash
#Program:
#  Repeat question until user input correct answer.
#History:2017/01/11 shu First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

while [ "${yn}" != "yes" -a "${yn}" != "YES" ]
do
   read -p "Please input correct answer:" yn
done
echo "OK!you input the correct answer."

运行结果：

root@Test:~/bin$ sh while.sh
Please input correct answer:s
Please input correct answer:yes
OK!you input the correct answer.

2、until do done的语法

until [ condition ]
do
	程序代码
done

该循环与while do done相反，当 condition 条件成立时，就停止循环， 否则一直执行循环中的程序代码。

示例：

#!/bin/bash
#Program:
#  Repeat question until user input correct answer.
#History:2017/01/11 shu First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

until [ "${yn}" == "yes" -o "${yn}" == "YES" ]
do
   read -p "Please input correct answer:" yn
done
echo "OK!you input the correct answer."

运行结果：

root@Test:~/bin$ sh until.sh
Please input correct answer:s
Please input correct answer:yes
OK!you input the correct answer.

3、使用while do done实现计算1+2+3+...+100和的程序：

#!/bin/bash
#Program:
#  Use loop to calculate "1+2+3+...+100" result
#History:2017/01/11 shu First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

s=0 #设置变量
i=0
while [ "${i}" != "100" ]
do
   i=$(($i+1))  #每次循环i增加1
   s=$(($s+$i)) #每次都会累加
done
echo "The result of "1+2+3+...+100" is ==> $s"

运行结果：

root@Test:~/bin$ sh calsum.sh 
The result of 1+2+3+...+100 is ==> 5050

二、固定循环：for...do...done 

1、语法：

for var in con1 con2 con3 ...
do
	程序代码
done

其含义：

这个$var 的变量值在循环运行时：
第一次循环时， $var 的值为 con1 ；
第二次循环时， $var 的值为 con2 ；
第三次循环时， $var 的值为 con3 ；

示例：

#!/bin/bash
#Program:Using for...loop to print 3 animals
#History:2017/01/11 shu release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

for animal in dog cat elephant
do
    echo "There are ${animal}s...."
done

运行结果：

root@Test:~/bin$ sh show_animals.sh 
There are dogs....
There are cats....
There are elephants....

2、使用for...do...done 实现 ping 监测 192.168.1.1~192.168.1.100中是否与本机连通：

#!/bin/bash
#Program: Use ping command to check the network's PC state
#History: 2017/01/11 shu release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

network="192.168.2" #先定义一个网址的前面部分！
for sitenu in $(seq 1 100) #seq为sequence（连续）的缩写
do
   #获取ping的回传值，成功或失败
   ping -c 1 -w 1 ${network}.${sitenu} &> /dev/null && result=0 || result=1
   #显示结果是正确的启动（UP）还是错误的没有连通（DOWN）
   if [ "${result}" == 0 ]; then
        echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is UP."
   else
        echo "Server ${network}.${sitenu} is DOWN."
   fi
done

运行结果：

root@Test:~/bin$ chmod a+x pingip.sh;./pingip.sh
Server 192.168.2.1 is UP.
Server 192.168.2.2 is UP.
...
Server 192.168.2.100 is DOWN.

其中除了使用$(seq 1 100) ，也可以使用bash 的内建连续数据功能{1..100} 进行处理。

大括号里的前/后用2个字符表示，中间以2个小数点代替连续出现，例如要连续输出 a, b, c...g ，可以使用echo {a..g}

3、示例：根据用户输入的目录，查询目录下每个文件的权限

#!/bin/bash
#Program:# User input dir name,I find the permission of files#History:2017/01/11 shu releasePATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/binexport PATH#1.检查输入目录是否存在read -p "Please input dir:" dirif [ "${dir}" == "" -o
 ! -d "${dir}" ]; then echo "The ${dir} is not exist in your system." exit 1fi#2.开始监测文件的权限filelist=$(ls ${dir}) #列出所有在该目录下的文件名称for filename in ${filelist}do perm="" test -r "${dir}/${filename}" && perm="${perm} readable" test -x "${dir}/${filename}" && perm="${perm}
 executable" test -w "${dir}/${filename}" && perm="${perm} writable" echo "The file ${dir}/${filename}'s permission is ${perm}"done



运行结果：


root@Test:~bin$ chmod a+x dirperm.sh;./dirperm.sh
Please input dir:/home/shu/program/bin
The file /home/shu/program/bin/ans_yn1.sh's permission is  readable executable writable
The file /home/shu/program/bin/ans_yn.sh's permission is  readable executable writable
......





三、在for...do...done中的for写入初始值；限制值；变化量的循环
语法如下：

for (( 初始值; 限制值; 变化量 ))
do
	程序代码
done

这种结构适用于数值方式的运算，for括号里参数的含义：
1）初始值：某个变量在循环当中的起始值，类似i=1；
2）限制值：当变量的值在这个限制值范围内，继续循环，类似i<=100；
3）变化量：每次循环，变量的变化量，类似i=i+1。在变化量的设定中，若每次增加1，可使用i++方式。
示例：

#!/bin/bash
#Program:
#  Use loop to calculate "1+2+3+...+100" result
#History:2017/01/11 shu First release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

s=0 #设置变量
for (( i=1;i<=100;i++ ))
do
   s=$((${s}+${i})) #每次都会累加
done
echo "The result of "1+2+3+...+100" is ==> ${s}"
运行结果：


root@Test:~/bin$ chmod a+x calfor.sh;./calfor.sh
The result of 1+2+3+...+100 is ==> 5050


四、使用随机阵列方式

使用随机数、循环、判断语句实现多个随机选择的功能：

#!/bin/bash
#Program: Try do tell you what you may choice.
#History: 2017/01/12 release
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin
export PATH

choise[1]="learn english" #写下所有想做的事情
choise[2]="yoga practice"
choise[3]="read book"
choise[4]="draw picture"
choise[5]="learn techniques"
choise[6]="Watch TV"
choise[7]="cook"
choise[8]="listen radio"
choisenum=8  #需要输入有几个可用的选择

choised=0
while [ "${choised}" -lt 3 ];
do
    check=$((${RANDOM}*${choisenum} / 32767 + 1 ))
    mychoise=0
    if [ "${choised}" -ge 1 ];then
        for i in $(seq 1 ${choised} )
        do
           if [ ${choisedcon[$i]} == $check ]; then
               mychoise=1
           fi
        done
     fi
     if [ ${mychoise} == 0 ];then
        echo "your may choise ${choise[${check}]}"
        choised=$(( ${choised} + 1 ))
        choisedcon[${choised}]=${check}
     fi
done
运行结果：


root@Test:~/bin$ chmod a+x morechoise.sh;./morechoise.sh
your may choise learn english
your may choise draw picture
your may choise cook