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#第8章 信息安全(Information Security)的python程序
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#8.3 措施和技术
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#8.3.1 密码学
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#非对称加密
#<程序:把n分解成p*q>
import math
n = 221
m = int(math.ceil(math.sqrt(n)))
flag = 0
for i in range(2,m+1,1):
if n % i == 0:
print(i,int(n/i))
flag = 1
break
if flag == 0:
print ("Cannot find!")
#<程序:RSA加密解密实现>
# All the functions are written by Edwin Sha
def change_number (x, b): #这个函数把一个十进制数x转换成一串二进制数
if x < b: L=[x]; return(L)
a=x % b; x=x//b
return([a]+change_number(x,b)) #the least one goes first!
def mod (a,x,b): #计算 a^x mod b
L=change_number(x,2)
#print("x in binary = ",L)
r=a % b; final=1
for i in L:
if i ==1: final= (final*r) % b
r = (r*r) % b
return(final)
def GCD(x,y): #计算 x与y的最大公约数
if x>y: a=x;b=y
else: a=y;b=x
if a%b ==0: return(b)
return(GCD(a%b,b))
def Extended_Euclid(x,y,Vx,Vy): #return [a, b] s.t. ax + by = GCD(x,y)
#by Edwin Sha
r=x%y; z=x//y
if r==0: return(y,Vy)
Vx[0]=Vx[0]-z*Vy[0]
Vx[1]=Vx[1]-z*Vy[1]
return(Extended_Euclid(y, r, Vy, Vx))
def Mod_inverse(e, n): # return x : e*x mod n = 1 by Edwin Sha
Vx=[1,0]
Vy=[0,1]
if e>n:
G,X=Extended_Euclid(e,n,Vx,Vy)
d=X[0]%n
else:
G,X=Extended_Euclid(n,e,Vx,Vy)
d=X[1]%n
return(d)
import random
def RSA_key_generation(p,q): #p and q are primes, compute keys e and d
phi=(p-1)*(q-1)
e=random.randint(3,phi)
if e%2==0: e+=1
while(GCD(e,phi) !=1):
e=random.randint(3,phi)
if e%2==0: e+=1
d=Mod_inverse(e,phi)
if e*d % phi !=1: print("ERROR: e and d are not generated correctly")
return (e,d)
def RSA_test(p,q):
e,d=RSA_key_generation(p,q)
n=p*q
print("e, d, n: ", e, d, n)
M=int(input("Please enter M (<n): "));
while M>=n: M=int(input("Please enter M (< n)"))
C=mod(M,e,n)
print("Before transmission, original M=",M," is encrypted to Cipher=",C)
M1=mod(C,d,n)
if M!=M1:print("!!! Error !!!")
print("After transmission, Cipher",C, "is decrypted back to:",M1,"\n\n")
p=19
q=97
RSA_test(p,q)