通常,实现二叉树的前序(preorder)、中序(inorder)、后序(postorder)遍历有两个常用的方法:一是递归(recursive),二是使用栈实现的迭代版本(stack+iterative)。这两种方法都是O(n)的空间复杂度(递归本身占用stack空间或者用户自定义的stack)。
本文介绍空间O(1)的遍历方法。
上次文章讲到,我们经典递归遍历其实有三次访问当前节点的机会,就看你再哪次进行操作,而分成了三种遍历。
https://blog.csdn.net/hebtu666/article/details/82853988
morris有两次访问节点的机会。
它省空间的原理是利用了大量叶子节点的没有用的空间,记录之前的节点,做到了返回之前节点这件事情。
我们不说先序中序后序,先说morris遍历的原则:
1、如果没有左孩子,继续遍历右子树
2、如果有左孩子,找到左子树最右节点。
1)如果最右节点的右指针为空(说明第一次遇到),把它指向当前节点,当前节点向左继续处理。
2)如果最右节点的右指针不为空(说明它指向之前结点),把右指针设为空,当前节点向右继续处理。
这就是morris遍历。
请手动模拟深度至少为3的树的morris遍历来熟悉流程。
先看代码:
定义结点:
public static class Node {
public int value;
Node left;
Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
先序:
(完全按规则写就好。)
//打印时机(第一次遇到):发现左子树最右的孩子右指针指向空,或无左子树。
public static void morrisPre(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return;
}
Node cur1 = head;
Node cur2 = null;
while (cur1 != null) {
cur2 = cur1.left;
if (cur2 != null) {
while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
cur2 = cur2.right;
}
if (cur2.right == null) {
cur2.right = cur1;
System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
cur1 = cur1.left;
continue;
} else {
cur2.right = null;
}
} else {
System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
}
cur1 = cur1.right;
}
System.out.println();
}
morris在发表文章时只写出了中序遍历。而先序遍历只是打印时机不同而已,所以后人改进出了先序遍历。至于后序,是通过打印所有的右边界来实现的:对每个有边界逆序,打印,再逆序回去。注意要原地逆序,否则我们morris遍历的意义也就没有了。
完整代码:
public class MorrisTraversal {
public static void process(Node head) {
if(head == null) {
return;
}
// 1
//System.out.println(head.value);
process(head.left);
// 2
//System.out.println(head.value);
process(head.right);
// 3
//System.out.println(head.value);
}
public static class Node {
public int value;
Node left;
Node right;
public Node(int data) {
this.value = data;
}
}
//打印时机:向右走之前
public static void morrisIn(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return;
}
Node cur1 = head;//当前节点
Node cur2 = null;//最右
while (cur1 != null) {
cur2 = cur1.left;
//左孩子不为空
if (cur2 != null) {
while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
cur2 = cur2.right;
}//找到最右
//右指针为空,指向cur1,cur1向左继续
if (cur2.right == null) {
cur2.right = cur1;
cur1 = cur1.left;
continue;
} else {
cur2.right = null;
}//右指针不为空,设为空
}
System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
cur1 = cur1.right;
}
System.out.println();
}
//打印时机(第一次遇到):发现左子树最右的孩子右指针指向空,或无左子树。
public static void morrisPre(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return;
}
Node cur1 = head;
Node cur2 = null;
while (cur1 != null) {
cur2 = cur1.left;
if (cur2 != null) {
while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
cur2 = cur2.right;
}
if (cur2.right == null) {
cur2.right = cur1;
System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
cur1 = cur1.left;
continue;
} else {
cur2.right = null;
}
} else {
System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
}
cur1 = cur1.right;
}
System.out.println();
}
//逆序打印所有右边界
public static void morrisPos(Node head) {
if (head == null) {
return;
}
Node cur1 = head;
Node cur2 = null;
while (cur1 != null) {
cur2 = cur1.left;
if (cur2 != null) {
while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
cur2 = cur2.right;
}
if (cur2.right == null) {
cur2.right = cur1;
cur1 = cur1.left;
continue;
} else {
cur2.right = null;
printEdge(cur1.left);
}
}
cur1 = cur1.right;
}
printEdge(head);
System.out.println();
}
//逆序打印
public static void printEdge(Node head) {
Node tail = reverseEdge(head);
Node cur = tail;
while (cur != null) {
System.out.print(cur.value + " ");
cur = cur.right;
}
reverseEdge(tail);
}
//逆序(类似链表逆序)
public static Node reverseEdge(Node from) {
Node pre = null;
Node next = null;
while (from != null) {
next = from.right;
from.right = pre;
pre = from;
from = next;
}
return pre;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Node head = new Node(4);
head.left = new Node(2);
head.right = new Node(6);
head.left.left = new Node(1);
head.left.right = new Node(3);
head.right.left = new Node(5);
head.right.right = new Node(7);
morrisIn(head);
morrisPre(head);
morrisPos(head);
}
}