最大搜索子树

给定一个二叉树的头结点，返回最大搜索子树的大小。

 

我们先定义结点：

    public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

分析：

直接判断每个节点左边小右边大是不对滴

 

可以暴力判断所有的子树，就不说了。

 

最大搜索子树可能性：

第一种可能性，以node为头的结点的最大二叉搜索子树可能来自它左子树；
第二种可能性，以node为头的结点的最大二叉搜索子树可能来自它右子树；
第三种可能性，左树整体是搜索二叉树，右树整体也是搜索二叉树，而且左树的头是node.left，右树的头是node.right，且左树的最大值< node.value，右树的最小值 > node.value， 那么以我为头的整棵树都是搜索二叉树；
 

第三种可能性的判断，需要的信息有：左子树的最大值、右子树的最小值、左子树是不是搜索二叉树、右子树是不是搜索二叉树

还有左右搜索二叉树的最大深度。

我们判断了自己，并不知道自己是哪边的子树，我们要返回自己的最大值和最小值。

这样，定义一个返回类型：

    public static class ReturnType{
		public int size;//最大搜索子树深度
		public Node head;//最大搜索子树的根
		public int min;//子树最小
		public int max;//子树最大
		
		public ReturnType(int a, Node b,int c,int d) {
			this.size =a;
			this.head = b;
			this.min = c;
			this.max = d;
		}
	}

然后开始写代码：

注意：

1）NULL返回深度0，头为NULL，最大值最小值返回系统最大和最小，这样才不会影响别的判断。

	public static ReturnType process(Node head) {
		if(head == null) {
			return new ReturnType(0,null,Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
		}
		
		Node left = head.left;//取信息
		ReturnType leftSubTressInfo = process(left);
		Node right = head.right;
		ReturnType rightSubTressInfo = process(right);
		
		int includeItSelf = 0;
		if(leftSubTressInfo.head == left //            左子树为搜索树
				&&rightSubTressInfo.head == right//    右子树为搜索树
				&& head.value > leftSubTressInfo.max// 左子树最大值小于当前节点
				&& head.value < rightSubTressInfo.min//右子树最小值大于当前节点
				) {
			includeItSelf = leftSubTressInfo.size + 1 + rightSubTressInfo.size;//当前节点为根的二叉树为搜索树
		}
		
		int p1 = leftSubTressInfo.size;
		int p2 = rightSubTressInfo.size;
		
		int maxSize = Math.max(Math.max(p1, p2), includeItSelf);//最大搜索树深度
		
		Node maxHead = p1 > p2 ? leftSubTressInfo.head : rightSubTressInfo.head;

		if(maxSize == includeItSelf) {
			maxHead = head;
		}//最大搜索树的根：来自左子树、来自右子树、本身
		
		return new ReturnType(
				maxSize,                                                                     //深度
				maxHead,                                                                     //根
				Math.min(Math.min(leftSubTressInfo.min,rightSubTressInfo.min),head.value),    //最小
				Math.max(Math.max(leftSubTressInfo.max,rightSubTressInfo.max),head.value));	//最大
	}

可以进一步改进：

空间浪费比较严重

其实返回值为三个int，一个node，我们可以把三个int合起来，用全局数组记录，函数只返回node（搜索树的根）即可。

给出完整代码：

public class BiggestSubBSTInTree {

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		public Node left;
		public Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

	public static Node biggestSubBST(Node head) {
		int[] record = new int[3]; // 0->size, 1->min, 2->max
		return posOrder(head, record);
	}
	
	public static class ReturnType{
		public int size;//最大搜索子树深度
		public Node head;//最大搜索子树的根
		public int min;//子树最小
		public int max;//子树最大
		
		public ReturnType(int a, Node b,int c,int d) {
			this.size =a;
			this.head = b;
			this.min = c;
			this.max = d;
		}
	}
	
	public static ReturnType process(Node head) {
		if(head == null) {
			return new ReturnType(0,null,Integer.MAX_VALUE, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
		}
		
		Node left = head.left;//取信息
		ReturnType leftSubTressInfo = process(left);
		Node right = head.right;
		ReturnType rightSubTressInfo = process(right);
		
		int includeItSelf = 0;
		if(leftSubTressInfo.head == left //            左子树为搜索树
				&&rightSubTressInfo.head == right//    右子树为搜索树
				&& head.value > leftSubTressInfo.max// 左子树最大值小于当前节点
				&& head.value < rightSubTressInfo.min//右子树最小值大于当前节点
				) {
			includeItSelf = leftSubTressInfo.size + 1 + rightSubTressInfo.size;//当前节点为根的二叉树为搜索树
		}
		
		int p1 = leftSubTressInfo.size;
		int p2 = rightSubTressInfo.size;
		
		int maxSize = Math.max(Math.max(p1, p2), includeItSelf);//最大搜索树深度
		
		Node maxHead = p1 > p2 ? leftSubTressInfo.head : rightSubTressInfo.head;
		if(maxSize == includeItSelf) {
			maxHead = head;
		}//最大搜索树的根：来自左子树、来自右子树、本身
		
		return new ReturnType(
				maxSize,                                                                     //深度
				maxHead,                                                                     //根
				Math.min(Math.min(leftSubTressInfo.min,rightSubTressInfo.min),head.value),   //最小
				Math.max(Math.max(leftSubTressInfo.max,rightSubTressInfo.max),head.value));	 //最大
	}
	
	
	

	public static Node posOrder(Node head, int[] record) {
		if (head == null) {
			record[0] = 0;
			record[1] = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
			record[2] = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
			return null;
		}
		int value = head.value;
		Node left = head.left;
		Node right = head.right;
		Node lBST = posOrder(left, record);
		int lSize = record[0];
		int lMin = record[1];
		int lMax = record[2];
		Node rBST = posOrder(right, record);
		int rSize = record[0];
		int rMin = record[1];
		int rMax = record[2];
		record[1] = Math.min(rMin, Math.min(lMin, value)); // lmin, value, rmin -> min 
		record[2] = Math.max(lMax, Math.max(rMax, value)); // lmax, value, rmax -> max
		if (left == lBST && right == rBST && lMax < value && value < rMin) {
			record[0] = lSize + rSize + 1;//修改深度
			return head;                  //返回根
		}//满足当前构成搜索树的条件
		record[0] = Math.max(lSize, rSize);//较大深度
		return lSize > rSize ? lBST : rBST;//返回较大搜索树的根
	}

	// for test -- print tree
	public static void printTree(Node head) {
		System.out.println("Binary Tree:");
		printInOrder(head, 0, "H", 17);
		System.out.println();
	}

	public static void printInOrder(Node head, int height, String to, int len) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		printInOrder(head.right, height + 1, "v", len);
		String val = to + head.value + to;
		int lenM = val.length();
		int lenL = (len - lenM) / 2;
		int lenR = len - lenM - lenL;
		val = getSpace(lenL) + val + getSpace(lenR);
		System.out.println(getSpace(height * len) + val);
		printInOrder(head.left, height + 1, "^", len);
	}

	public static String getSpace(int num) {
		String space = " ";
		StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer("");
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			buf.append(space);
		}
		return buf.toString();
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Node head = new Node(6);
		head.left = new Node(1);
		head.left.left = new Node(0);
		head.left.right = new Node(3);
		head.right = new Node(12);
		head.right.left = new Node(10);
		head.right.left.left = new Node(4);
		head.right.left.left.left = new Node(2);
		head.right.left.left.right = new Node(5);
		head.right.left.right = new Node(14);
		head.right.left.right.left = new Node(11);
		head.right.left.right.right = new Node(15);
		head.right.right = new Node(13);
		head.right.right.left = new Node(20);
		head.right.right.right = new Node(16);

		printTree(head);
		Node bst = biggestSubBST(head);
		printTree(bst);

	}

}