从一个简单程序的GDB调试看段错误，指针的初始化及内存分配(malloc/free)

看下面一段程序：

 

#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> void get_string( char * p ); int main(int argc, char **argv ) { unsigned int i; char *p=NULL; get_string( p ); /* print the string pointed to by p one character at a time */ for( i=0; i < strlen(p); i++ ) { printf( "p[%d] = '%c'/n", i, p[i] ); } exit( 0 ); } void get_string( char * p ) { /* make p point to the string "foobar" */ memcpy( p, "foobar", strlen( "foobar")+1 ); printf( "p's value is %p; It points to the string: /"%s/"./n", p, p); }

要求：用GDB找出程序中的两处BUG。

 

直接编译后，运行出现“段错误”，即“Segmenation fault (core dumped)）”。

用GDB单步运行：

(gdb) l 1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <string.h> 3 #include <stdlib.h> 4 5 void get_string( char * p ); 6 7 int main(int argc, char **argv ) 8 { 9 unsigned int i; 10 char *p=NULL; (gdb) break 9 Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048406: file aa.c, line 9. (gdb) r Starting program: /home/ysong/a.out Breakpoint 1, main () at aa.c:10 10 char *p=NULL; Missing separate debuginfos, use: debuginfo-install glibc.i686 (gdb) info locals i = 3215191144 p = 0x79bff4 (gdb) n 12 get_string( p ); (gdb) info locals i = 3215191144 p = 0x0 (gdb) n Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault. 0x0804847f in get_string (p=0x0) at aa.c:25 25 memcpy( p, "foobar", strlen( "foobar")+1 ); (gdb) backtrace

因为有char *p=NULL;

所以指针被初始化为指向地址0x0。这是违规访问内存地址，所以会出现段错误。

这里用malloc函数动态分配内存空间：

void