在python中自动下载链接中的文件

import requests
from urllib.parse import urlparse
import os
import time
from tqdm import tqdm  # 进度条库

# 安装依赖：pip install tqdm requests

# 目标下载链接
download_url = "https://dldir1.qq.com/qqfile/qq/PCQQ9.7.17/QQ9.7.17.29225.exe"
# 保存路径（Windows 示例，可改为其他路径）
save_dir = r"/Users/heha/Downloads"
os.makedirs(save_dir, exist_ok=True)


def download_file_with_progress(url, save_path):
    try:
        # 发送 HEAD 请求获取文件总大小
        head_response = requests.head(url, allow_redirects=True, timeout=10)
        total_size = int(head_response.headers.get("Content-Length", 0))  # 单位：字节
        filename = get_filename_from_response(head_response, url)
        full_path = os.path.join(save_path, filename)

        # 发送 GET 请求并显示进度条
        with requests.get(url, stream=True, allow_redirects=True, timeout=30) as response:
            response.raise_for_status()

            # 使用 tqdm 创建进度条
            progress_bar = tqdm(
                total=total_size,
                unit="B",
                unit_scale=True,
                unit_divisor=1024,
                desc=f"下载 {filename}",
                bar_format="{l_bar}{bar}| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, {rate_fmt}]"
            )

            start_time = time.time()
            downloaded_size = 0

            with open(full_path, "wb") as f:
                for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
                    if chunk:
                        f.write(chunk)
                        downloaded_size += len(chunk)
                        progress_bar.update(len(chunk))  # 更新进度条

                        # 计算下载速度和剩余时间
                        elapsed_time = time.time() - start_time
                        if elapsed_time > 0:
                            speed = downloaded_size / elapsed_time
                            remaining_size = total_size - downloaded_size
                            remaining_time = remaining_size / speed if speed != 0 else 0
                            progress_bar.set_postfix({
                                "速度": f"{speed / (1024 * 1024):.2f} MB/s",
                                "剩余时间": f"{remaining_time:.0f}s"
                            })

            progress_bar.close()  # 关闭进度条
            print(f"\n✅ 下载完成：{full_path}")

    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"❌ 请求失败：{e}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"❌ 发生异常：{e}")


def get_filename_from_response(response, url):
    """提取并清洗文件名"""
    content_disposition = response.headers.get("Content-Disposition", "")
    filename = content_disposition.split("filename=")[1].strip(
        '"') if "filename=" in content_disposition else os.path.basename(urlparse(url).path)
    invalid_chars = r'<>:"/\\|?*'
    for char in invalid_chars:
        filename = filename.replace(char, "_")
    return filename


if __name__ == "__main__":
    download_file_with_progress(download_url, save_dir)

自己运行的话，需要对如下几个部分进行修改

1. download_url   （ 改成自己的下载链接）

2. save_dir (改成自己需要存储的地址)