（Apache）使用HttpClient方式访问HTTP

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 20:12:58 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 20:12:58 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hehaitao074/article/details/23369079

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Apache使用GET方式访问HTTP
得到访问地址 HttpGet(有参数提供参数)
得到网络访问对象HttpClient，进行连接
得到返回值
如果返回值正常，返回得到的数据对象HttpEntity，得到数据流

注意：
GET方式在URL中传递中文参数乱码问题我解决了。
乱码原因：不管客户端采用什么方式给中文字符编码，最终附加到URL中之前，都将在已有的编码基础上再对字符以ISO-8859-1字符集做二次编码然后再附加到URL中。

即所有的非ASCII字符集参数在URL中最终都是ISO-8859-1编码，如果之前已经进行了一次编码，那么这就是在已有编码的基础上二次编码

解码是编码的逆操作，只要在服务器端对客户端进行的编码再进行对应解码即可。过程如下：
1. 在客户端对中文字符串编码，比如使用UTF-8编码
String codeParam = URLEncoder.encode("中文字符串", "UTF-8");
2. 把这个编码好的codeParam作为参数附加到URL地址中；
3. 服务器端getRequestParameter()方法获得该参数（当然这个参数作为URL提交时已经又被ISO-8859-1编码了一次）
4. 对这个参数做解码，首先要按ISO-8859-1解码一次
byte[ ] decodeBytes = codeParam.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
5. 再按客户端编码模式做二次解码
String decodeParam = new String(decodeBytes, "UTF-8");

此时获得的decodeParam可以正确显示中文字符。
PS:当然客户端也可以不进行一次编码，那就系统默认的中文编码，但是URL提交时，依然会对这个已经编码的字符串再用ISO-8859-1字符集做二次编码，URL中的非ASCII字符集最终都是ISO-8859-1编码的，这个无法更改。

示例代码：

package com.qianfeng.apache;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import org.apache.catalina.util.URLEncoder;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClient01 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//HttpGet登录验证的实现
		String path = "http://192.168.125.102:8080/ApacheTest/LoginServlet?username=何海涛&password=123";
		//获得HttpClient
		HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
		//获得HttpGet
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);
		
		try {
			//获得HttpResponse响应
			HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpGet);
			//获得响应码
			int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
			
			if(code==200){
				//获得响应实体
				HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
				//获得响应内容
				InputStream inputStream = entity.getContent();
				//利用流进行输出
				BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
				System.out.println(br.readLine());
				//第二种输出方式
				//System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8"));
				
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		

	}


Servlet类
package com.qianfeng.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
 */
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		//在这个地方进行两次转码来避免中文在get方式中的乱码
		String username = new String(request.getParameter("username").getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");
		String psw = request.getParameter("password");

		if (username.equals("何海涛") && psw.equals("123")) {
			out.println("欢迎" + username + "登陆");
			
		} else {
			out.println("登陆失败，请检查用户名或者密码是否输入正确....");
			
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		String psw = request.getParameter("password");

		if (username.equals("何海涛") && psw.equals("123")) {
			out.println("欢迎" + username + "登陆");
			
		} else {
			out.println("登陆失败，请检查用户名或者密码是否输入正确....");
			
		}
	}

}


下载网络资源的写法


package com.qianfeng.apache;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import org.apache.catalina.util.URLEncoder;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClient01 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//HttpGet下载百度logo的实现
		String path = "http://www.baidu.com/img/bdlogo.gif";
		//获得HttpClient
		HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
		//获得HttpGet
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);
		
		try {
			//获得HttpResponse响应
			HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpGet);
			//获得响应码
			int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
			
			if(code==200){
				//获得响应实体
				HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
//				//获得响应内容
//				InputStream inputStream = entity.getContent();
//				//利用流进行输出
//				BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
//				System.out.println(br.readLine());
				//System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity,"utf-8"));
				//下载网络图片，很简单吧.....
				FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("c:/baidu.gif");
				outputStream.write(EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity));
				outputStream.flush();
				outputStream.close();
			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		

	}

}


此例接口回调的实现
工具类：
package com.qianfeng.apachetils;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttPUtils {
	public static void saveImage(String path,SaveImage image){
		//获得HttpClient
				HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
				//获得HttpGet
				HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);
				
				try {
					//获得HttpResponse响应
					HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpGet);
					//获得响应码
					int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
					
					if(code==200){
						//获得响应实体
						 HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
						 image.downLoad(entity);
					}
				} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
	}

}

接口
package com.qianfeng.apachetils;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;

public interface SaveImage {
	public void downLoad(HttpEntity entity);

}

主线程类的具体实现
package com.qianfeng.apache;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.File;

import com.qianfeng.apachetils.HttPUtils;
import com.qianfeng.apachetils.SaveImage;

public class HttpClient01 {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		//HttpGet下载百度logo的实现
		String path = "http://www.baidu.com/img/bdlogo.gif";
		HttPUtils.saveImage(path,new SaveImage() {
			
			@Override
			public void downLoad(HttpEntity entity) {
				// TODO Auto-generated method stub
				FileOutputStream outputStream = null;
				File file  = new java.io.File("c:/baidu.gif");
				int  i = 1;
				while(file.exists()){
					file = new File("c:/baidu("+i+").gif");
					i++;
				}
				try {
					outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file);
					outputStream.write(EntityUtils.toByteArray(entity));
					outputStream.flush();
					outputStream.close();
				} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
				
			}
		});
		

	}

}

Apache使用POST方式访问HTTP
得到访问地址 HttpPost
使用HttpPost写入参数
得到网络访问对象HttpClient，进行连接
得到返回值
如果返回值正常，返回得到的数据对象HttpEntity，得到数据流

代码示例：

package com.qianfeng.apache;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClient02 {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		// HttpPost登录验证的实现
		String path = "http://192.168.125.102:8080/ApacheTest/LoginServlet";
		// 获得HttpClient
		HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
		// 获得HttpPost
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(path);

		// 产生参数对

		NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair("username", "hht");

		NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123");

		List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		nameValuePairs.add(pair2);
		nameValuePairs.add(pair);

		try {
			HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs);
			httpPost.setEntity(httpEntity);
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e1.printStackTrace();
		}

		try {
			// 获得HttpResponse响应
			HttpResponse httpResponse = client.execute(httpPost);
			// 获得响应码
			int code = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();

			if (code == 200) {
				// 获得响应实体
				HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
				// //获得响应内容
				// InputStream inputStream = entity.getContent();
				// //利用流进行输出
				// BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new
				// InputStreamReader(inputStream));
				// System.out.println(br.readLine());
				// 第二种输出方式
				System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8"));

			}
		} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

Servlet类：
package com.qianfeng.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class LoginServlet
 */
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		//在这个地方进行两次转码来避免中文在get方式中的乱码
		String username = new String(request.getParameter("username").getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");
		String psw = request.getParameter("password");
		

		if (username.equals("hht") && psw.equals("123")) {
			out.println("欢迎" + username + "登陆");
			
		} else {
			out.println("登陆失败，请检查用户名或者密码是否输入正确....");
			
		}
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String username = request.getParameter("username");
		String psw = request.getParameter("password");
         System.out.println(username+" "+psw);
		if (username.equals("hht") && psw.equals("123")) {
			out.println("欢迎" + username + "登陆");
			
		} else {
			out.println("登陆失败，请检查用户名或者密码是否输入正确....");
			
		}
	}

}