android使用篇 注解实现绑定控件实例化

在android使用篇（三） MVC模式中提到一个问题：

1) 视图层（View）：一般采用XML文件进行界面的描述，使用的时候可以非常方便的引入，但是用xml编写了，又需要在Acitvity声明并且实例化，有点麻烦，考虑能否做一个类似注解实现匹配，或者写一个类获取xml的各个节点然后自动进行封装，当然，这只是个想法，以后再实现。

今天终于把这个想法实现了，使用IOC注解实现对activity中控件的实例化。

先普及一下java的反射机制和注解机制的知识：

以下引用大神的两篇文章：

JAVA反射机制

java 注解

完成后只需要： @ViewInject(id=R.id.btn1,click="btnClick") TextView btn1; 即可完成实例化，并添加点击事件

基本思路：

一，public abstract class D3Activity extends Activity 写一个类继承Activity。

二，重写 setContentView 在此方法实现注解。

三，Field[] fields = activity.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); 获取activity中的字段属性

四， field.getAnnotation(ViewInject.class); 获取字段的注解属性

五， field.set(activity,sourceView.findViewById(viewId)); 实例化控件

大功告成，到此已实现了注解实现对android中activity和xml文件的实例化问题。

另外也可以实现注解对控件的事件添加，详细

分三个类实现：

实现注解类：

注解类可注入 id---对应xml的id，各种点击事件，可自己定义

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@Target (ElementType.FIELD) @Retention (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface ViewInject {      public int id() default 0 ;      public String click() default "" ;      public String longClick() default "" ;      public String itemClick() default "" ;      public String itemLongClick() default "" ; }

重写activity类，使用反射和注解实现实例化并加入事件：

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public abstract class D3Activity extends Activity {          public void setContentView( int layoutResID) {          super .setContentView(layoutResID);          initInjectedView( this );      }          public void setContentView(View view, LayoutParams params) {          super .setContentView(view, params);          initInjectedView( this );      }          public void setContentView(View view) {          super .setContentView(view);          initInjectedView( this );      }              private void initInjectedView(Activity activity){          initInjectedView(activity, activity.getWindow().getDecorView());      }                  private void initInjectedView(Object activity,View sourceView){          Field[] fields = activity.getClass().getDeclaredFields();   //获取字段          if (fields!= null && fields.length> 0 ){              for (Field field : fields){                  try {                      field.setAccessible( true );   //设为可访问                                            if (field.get(activity)!= null )                          continue ;                                        ViewInject viewInject = field.getAnnotation(ViewInject. class );                      if (viewInject!= null ){                                                    int viewId = viewInject.id();                          if (viewId == 0 )                              viewId = getResources().getIdentifier(field.getName(), "id" ,getPackageName());                          if (viewId == 0 )                              Log.e( "D3Activity" , "field " + field.getName() + "not found" );                                                    //关键,注解初始化，相当于 backBtn = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.back_btn);                          field.set(activity,sourceView.findViewById(viewId));                           //事件                          setListener(activity,field,viewInject.click(),Method.Click);                          setListener(activity,field,viewInject.longClick(),Method.LongClick);                          setListener(activity,field,viewInject.itemClick(),Method.ItemClick);                          setListener(activity,field,viewInject.itemLongClick(),Method.itemLongClick);                      }                  } catch (Exception e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }          }      }            private void setListener(Object activity,Field field,String methodName,Method method) throws Exception{          if (methodName == null || methodName.trim().length() == 0 )              return ;                    Object obj = field.get(activity);                    switch (method) {              case Click:                  if (obj instanceof View){                      ((View)obj).setOnClickListener( new EventListener(activity).click(methodName));                  }                  break ;              case ItemClick:                  if (obj instanceof AbsListView){                      ((AbsListView)obj).setOnItemClickListener( new EventListener(activity).itemClick(methodName));                  }                  break ;              case LongClick:                  if (obj instanceof View){                      ((View)obj).setOnLongClickListener( new EventListener(activity).longClick(methodName));                  }                  break ;              case itemLongClick:                  if (obj instanceof AbsListView){                      ((AbsListView)obj).setOnItemLongClickListener( new EventListener(activity).itemLongClick(methodName));                  }                  break ;              default :                  break ;          }      }            public enum Method{          Click,LongClick,ItemClick,itemLongClick      }

事件类： 实现了 OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, OnItemClickListener,OnItemLongClickListener ，可以自己扩展

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public class EventListener implements OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, OnItemClickListener,OnItemLongClickListener {        private Object handler;            private String clickMethod;      private String longClickMethod;      private String itemClickMethod;      private String itemLongClickMehtod;            public EventListener(Object handler) {          this .handler = handler;      }            public EventListener click(String method){          this .clickMethod = method;          return this ;      }            public EventListener longClick(String method){          this .longClickMethod = method;          return this ;      }            public EventListener itemLongClick(String method){          this .itemLongClickMehtod = method;          return this ;      }            public EventListener itemClick(String method){          this .itemClickMethod = method;          return this ;      }            public boolean onLongClick(View v) {          return invokeLongClickMethod(handler,longClickMethod,v);      }            public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<!--?--> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) {          return invokeItemLongClickMethod(handler,itemLongClickMehtod,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3);      }            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<!--?--> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3) {                    invokeItemClickMethod(handler,itemClickMethod,arg0,arg1,arg2,arg3);      }            public void onClick(View v) {                    invokeClickMethod(handler, clickMethod, v);      }                  private static Object invokeClickMethod(Object handler, String methodName,  Object... params){          if (handler == null ) return null ;          Method method = null ;          try {                method = handler.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,View. class );              if (method!= null )                  return method.invoke(handler, params);               else                  throw new RuntimeException( "no such method:" +methodName);          } catch (Exception e){              e.printStackTrace();          }                    return null ;                }                  private static boolean invokeLongClickMethod(Object handler, String methodName,  Object... params){          if (handler == null ) return false ;          Method method = null ;          try {                //public boolean onLongClick(View v)              method = handler.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,View. class );              if (method!= null ){                  Object obj = method.invoke(handler, params);                  return obj== null ? false :Boolean.valueOf(obj.toString());              }              else                  throw new RuntimeException( "no such method:" +methodName);          } catch (Exception e){              e.printStackTrace();          }                    return false ;                }                        private static Object invokeItemClickMethod(Object handler, String methodName,  Object... params){          if (handler == null ) return null ;          Method method = null ;          try {                ///onItemClick(AdapterView<!--?--> arg0, View arg1, int arg2, long arg3)              method = handler.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,AdapterView. class ,View. class , int . class , long . class );              if (method!= null )                  return method.invoke(handler, params);               else                  throw new RuntimeException( "no such method:" +methodName);          } catch (Exception e){              e.printStackTrace();          }                    return null ;      }                  private static boolean invokeItemLongClickMethod(Object handler, String methodName,  Object... params){          if (handler == null ) throw new RuntimeException( "invokeItemLongClickMethod: handler is null :" );          Method method = null ;          try {                ///onItemLongClick(AdapterView<!--?--> arg0, View arg1, int arg2,long arg3)              method = handler.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName,AdapterView. class ,View. class , int . class , long . class );              if (method!= null ){                  Object obj = method.invoke(handler, params);                  return Boolean.valueOf(obj== null ? false :Boolean.valueOf(obj.toString()));                 }              else                  throw new RuntimeException( "no such method:" +methodName);          } catch (Exception e){              e.printStackTrace();          }                    return false ;      } }

到此已经完成了，只需要这样即可实例化：

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public class MainActivity extends D3Activity {            //@ViewInject EditText input;   //id和属性名相同，自动匹配      @ViewInject (id = R.id.input) EditText editText;          @ViewInject (click= "btnClick" ) TextView btn1,btn2,btn3;            public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {           super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);           setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);       }         public void btnClick(View v){                    switch (v.getId()) {          case R.id.btn1:              btn1.setText(editText.getText().toString());              Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "111" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();              break ;                    case R.id.btn2:              Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "222" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                break ;                        case R.id.btn3:              Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "333" , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();              break ;            default :              break ;          }                }       }

对应xml布局文件：

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<!--?xml version= "1.0" encoding= "utf-8" ?--> <linearlayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width= "fill_parent" android:layout_height= "fill_parent" android:orientation= "vertical" >              <edittext android:id= "@+id/input" android:layout_width= "fill_parent" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" >      <textview android:id= "@+id/btn1" android:layout_margintop= "10dp" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:text= "设置自己" >      <textview android:id= "@+id/btn2" android:layout_margintop= "10dp" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:text= "btn2" >                  <textview android:id= "@+id/btn3" android:layout_margintop= "10dp" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:text= "btn3" > </textview></textview></textview></edittext></linearlayout>

源码已经放在了github，有兴趣的可以去看看 ：https://github.com/mozhenhau/injectAndroid.git