vitualbox 安装图像化界面

给 CentOS 安装图形界面

通过上篇操作，virtualbox 上的 CentOS 和宿主机之间已支持文件夹共享，还是无法鼠标自由切换，主要是因为 CentOS mini 安装只有字符界面，不支持鼠标。还需对系统安装桌面系统。

首先列出以下当前已安装和支持安装的包组

yum grouplist

   
   

可能会看到如下的显示：

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Loading mirror speeds 
       
       from cached hostfile
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
       
       * base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
       
       * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
 
       
       * updates: mirrors
       
       .163.com
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Installed Environment 
       
       Groups:
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          GNOME Desktop
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Available Environment 
       
       Groups:
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Minimal Install
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Compute Node
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Infrastructure Server
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          File 
       
       and Print Server
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Basic Web Server
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Virtualization Host
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Server 
       
       with GUI
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          KDE Plasma Workspaces
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Development 
       
       and Creative Workstation
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Available 
       
       Groups:
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Compatibility Libraries
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Console Internet Tools
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Development Tools
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Graphical Administration Tools
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Legacy UNIX Compatibility
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Scientific Support
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Security Tools
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
          Smart Card Support
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       System Administration Tools
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      
   
       
       System Management
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       Done
      
      
     
     
   
   

这个命令列出来的实际上是centos7安装时提供的安装类型选项。Installed Environment Groups 为已安装的包组。

如果已安装包组里面没有GNOME Desktop，直接执行下面命令

yum groupinstall ‘GNOME Desktop’

   
   

即可安装图形界面。
安装完毕，执行

startx

   
   

启动图形界面。

如果安装不成功，也可以尝试先进行 X 系统安装。如下：

If CentOS has already been installed without a graphical interface,
you can install this with the following commands:

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       yum groupinstall 
       
       "X Window System" 
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       yum install gdm
      
      
     
     
   
   

If you would like this to be the default runlevel, you can edit
/etc/inittab and set the default level to 5 instead of 3:

vi /etc/inittab

   
   

Change:

id:3:initdefault:

   
   

To:

id:5:initdefault:

   
   

图形界面安装成功后，reboot 机器，并重装virtualbox 增强包

   
   

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       cd /media/cdrom
      
      
     
     

     
     

      
      

     
     
     
     

      
      

       
       ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run