版权声明：转载注明出处 https://blog.csdn.net/jy02268879/article/details/83346701
一、IDEA自动生成测试类
1.安装插件JUnitGenerator V2.0
File---->Settings---->Browse Repositories
2.安装好后把JUnit和JUnitGenerator V2.0一起勾上
3.配置插件
把package上test.前缀去掉
配置测试类生成的地址
${SOURCEPATH}/../../test/java/${PACKAGE}/${FILENAME}
4.对着要生成的类
二、测试service类
@SpringBootTest会加载spring的上下文，这样可以使用@Autowired注入Bean
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package com.sid.service.impl;
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import com.sid.service.UserService;
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import org.junit.After;
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import org.junit.Assert;
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import org.junit.Before;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
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import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
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import
static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
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import
static org.junit.Assert.*;
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/**
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* @Description: Service层单元测试 启动了服务
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* @Param:
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* @return:
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* @Author: Sid
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* @Date: 2018-10-24 13:53
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* @since: 1.0
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*/
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@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
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@SpringBootTest
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public
class UserServiceImplTest {
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/**
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* @Description: 直接测试service 用IOC注入进来 这样run的时候会先启动springboot项目
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* @Param:
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* @return:
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* @Author: Sid
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* @Date: 2018-10-24 13:42
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* @since: 1.0
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*/
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@Autowired
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UserService userService;
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@Before
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public void setUp() throws Exception {
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}
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@After
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public void tearDown() throws Exception {
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}
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@Test
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public void set() {
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userService.set(
"sid:test:string:key:",
"lalala");
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String value = userService.get(
"sid:test:string:key:");
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Assert.assertEquals(
"lalala",value);
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//可以只使用 assertThat 一个断言语句，结合 Hamcrest 提供的匹配符，就可以表达全部的测试思想
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//引入import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
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Assert.assertThat(value,is(
"lalala"));
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}
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}
三、测试Controller类
有3种方法，1可以跟上面一样用@Autowired把Controller注入进来然后调用Controller的方法。参照上方，这里不介绍。
2.用MockMvc模拟的HTTP请求
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package com.sid.controller;
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import org.junit.After;
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import org.junit.Before;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
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import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
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import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MvcResult;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.ResultActions;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockHttpServletRequestBuilder;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;
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import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders;
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import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
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import
static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
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import
static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath;
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/**
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* @Description: Controller层单元测试 注入Spring 上下文的环境到 MockMvc 中 测试时会启动项目
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* @Param:
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* @return:
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* @Author: Sid
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* @Date: 2018-10-24 13:45
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* @since: 1.0
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*/
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@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
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@SpringBootTest
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public
class UserControllerTest {
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/**
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* @Description: 使用MockMvc 模拟HTTP请求 来测试controller
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* MockMvc实现了对Http请求的模拟，能够直接使用网络的形式，转换到Controller的调用，
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* 这样可以使得测试速度快、不依赖网络环境，而且提供了一套验证的工具，这样可以使得请求的验证统一而且很方便。
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*
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* // 模拟MVC对象，通过MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build()初始化。
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* @Param:
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* @return:
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* @Author: Sid
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* @Date: 2018-10-24 13:43
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* @since: 1.0
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*/
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private MockMvc mvc;
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@Autowired
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private WebApplicationContext wac;
// 注入WebApplicationContext
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/**
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* @Description: 直接注入userController 然后调用userController的方法来测试
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* @Param:
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* @return:
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* @Author: Sid
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* @Date: 2018-10-24 13:44
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* @since: 1.0
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*/
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// @Autowired
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// private UserController userController;
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@Before
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public void setUp() throws Exception {
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//使用 WebApplicationContext 构建 MockMvc
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this.mvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(
this.wac).build();
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}
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@After
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public void tearDown() throws Exception {
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}
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@Test
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public void addUser() throws Exception {
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MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(
"/user/add")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
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//form表单格式传参
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.param(
"id",
"4")
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.param(
"name",
"junit test")
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.param(
"password",
"111")
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.param(
"mobilePhone",
"18523980000")
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.characterEncoding(
"utf-8")
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.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE);
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ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder);
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MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
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.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
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.andReturn();
// 返回执行请求的结果
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System.out.println(
"response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
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}
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@Test
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public void deleteUser() throws Exception {
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MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(
"/user/delete")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
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//form表单格式传参
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.param(
"mobilePhone",
"18523980000")
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.characterEncoding(
"utf-8")
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.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE);
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ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder);
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MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
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.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath(
"$").value(
1))
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.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
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.andReturn();
// 返回执行请求的结果
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System.out.println(
"response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
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}
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@Test
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public void updateUser() throws Exception {
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MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(
"/user/update")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
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//form表单格式传参
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.param(
"id",
"1")
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.param(
"name",
"李沂桀")
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.param(
"mobilePhone",
"185")
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.param(
"password",
"5")
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.characterEncoding(
"utf-8")
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.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE);
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ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder);
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MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
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.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
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.andReturn();
// 返回执行请求的结果
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System.out.println(
"response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
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}
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@Test
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public void selectAll() throws Exception {
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MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(
"/user/selectAll")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
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//form表单格式传参
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.param(
"pageNum",
"1")
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.param(
"pageSize",
"5")
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.characterEncoding(
"utf-8")
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.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE);
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ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder);
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MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
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.andExpect(jsonPath(
"list").exists())
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.andExpect(jsonPath(
"$.list", notNullValue()))
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.andExpect(jsonPath(
"$.list[0].id", is(
1)))
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.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
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.andReturn();
// 返回执行请求的结果
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System.out.println(
"response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
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}
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@Test
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public void getUserByMobilePhone() throws Exception {
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MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder = MockMvcRequestBuilders.post(
"/user/getUserByMobilePhone")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED_VALUE)
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//form表单格式传参
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.param(
"mobilePhone",
"18523980000")
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.characterEncoding(
"utf-8")
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.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE);
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ResultActions result = mvc.perform(requestBuilder);
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MvcResult mvcResult = result.andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
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.andExpect(jsonPath(
"$", notNullValue()))
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.andExpect(jsonPath(
"$.name", is(
"junit test")))
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.andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
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.andReturn();
// 返回执行请求的结果
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System.out.println(
"response------------------:"+mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString());
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}
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}
3.用TestRestTemplate 完整HTTP请求测试
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package com.sid.controller;
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import com.github.pagehelper.PageInfo;
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import com.sid.model.User;
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import org.hamcrest.Matchers;
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import org.junit.Assert;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
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import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
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import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
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import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
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import org.springframework.core.ParameterizedTypeReference;
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import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
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import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
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import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
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import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
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import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
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import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
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import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
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/**
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* @program: springboot
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* @description:
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* @author: Sid
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* @date: 2018-11-15 10:52
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* @since: 1.0
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**/
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@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
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//开启一个随机的可用端口
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@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
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public
class TestRestTemplateTest {
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@Autowired
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private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
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@Test
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public void listAll() {
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String url =
"/user/selectAll";
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// 封装入参数，不要替换为Map与HashMap，否则参数无法传递
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MultiValueMap<String, Object> paramMap =
new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
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paramMap.add(
"pageNum",
1);
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paramMap.add(
"pageSize",
5);
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HttpHeaders headers =
new HttpHeaders();
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HttpEntity<MultiValueMap<String, Object>> httpEntity =
new HttpEntity<>(paramMap,headers);
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// 1、使用postForObject请求接口
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PageInfo<User> result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, paramMap, PageInfo.class);
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System.out.println(
"result1==================" + result.getList());
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// 2、使用postForEntity请求接口
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ResponseEntity<PageInfo> response2 = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, httpEntity, PageInfo.class);
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System.out.println(
"result2====================" + response2.getBody().getList());
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// 3、使用exchange请求接口
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//设置接受参数的类型 只有用exchange+ParameterizedTypeReference接收到的pageInfo中的List是user类，上面两种方式接收到的都是个LinkedList
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ParameterizedTypeReference<PageInfo<User>> type =
new ParameterizedTypeReference<PageInfo<User>>() {};
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ResponseEntity<PageInfo<User>> response3 = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, httpEntity, type);
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System.out.println(
"result3====================" + response3.getBody().getList());
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Assert.assertThat(response3.getBody().getList(), Matchers.notNullValue());
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}
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}
四、常用注解介绍
@Before：初始化方法
@After：释放资源
@Test：测试方法（包括：期望异常和超时时间）
@Test(timeout = 1000)，超时会失败。
@Test(expected = NullPointerException.class) 希望抛出空指针异常
@Ignore：忽略的测试方法
@BeforeClass：针对所有测试，只执行一次，且必须为static void
@AfterClass：针对所有测试，只执行一次，且必须为static void
@RunWith：可以更改测试运行器
执行顺序：
@BeforeClass ==> @Before ==> @Test ==> @After ==> @AfterClass
@SpringBootTest会加载spring的上下文，这样可以使用@Autowired注入Bean
五、参数化测试
1.使用parameterized入参
每一组参数执行一次test的入参
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package com.sid.controller;
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import org.junit.Test;
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import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
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import org.junit.runners.Parameterized;
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import java.util.Arrays;
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import java.util.List;
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import
static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
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import
static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
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/**
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* @program: springboot
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* @description: 参数化测试
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* @author: Sid
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* @date: 2018-11-15 10:33
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* @since: 1.0
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**/
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//1.需要使用Parameterized运行器
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@RunWith(Parameterized.class)
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public
class ParameterTest {
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// 2.声明变量存放预期值和测试数据
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private String firstName;
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private String lastName;
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//3.声明一个返回值 为Collection的公共静态方法，并使用@Parameters进行修饰
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@Parameterized.Parameters
//
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public
static List<Object[]> param() {
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// 两个测试用例
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return Arrays.asList(
new Object[][]{{
"Sid",
"Lee"}, {
"Tom",
"Cat"}});
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}
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//4.为测试类声明一个带有参数的公共构造函数，并在其中为之声明变量赋值
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public ParameterTest(String firstName, String lastName) {
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this.firstName = firstName;
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this.lastName = lastName;
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}
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// 5. 进行测试，发现它会将所有的测试用例测试一遍
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@Test
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public void test() {
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String name = firstName +
" " + lastName;
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assertThat(
"Sid Lee", is(name));
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}
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}
2.使用Theories入参
提供一组参数的排列组合值作为待测方法的输入参数。
使用Theories这个Runner的时候，待测方法可以拥有输入参数，而这在其它的Runner中的测试方法是不行的。
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package com.sid.controller;
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import org.junit.experimental.theories.DataPoint;
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import org.junit.experimental.theories.DataPoints;
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import org.junit.experimental.theories.Theories;
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import org.junit.experimental.theories.Theory;
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import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
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/**
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* @program: springboot
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* @description:
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* @author: Sid
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* @date: 2018-11-15 11:41
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* @since: 1.0
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**/
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@RunWith(Theories.class)
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public
class TestTheories {
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@DataPoint
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public
static String nameValue1 =
"Sid";
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@DataPoint
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public
static String nameValue2 =
"Pencil";
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@DataPoint
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public
static
int ageValue1 =
27;
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@DataPoint
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public
static
int ageValue2 =
18;
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//也可以用这种方式提供参数
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// @DataPoints
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// public static String[] names = {"Sid", "Pencil"};
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// @DataPoints
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// public static int[] ages = {27, 18};
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@Theory
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public void testMethod(String name, int age){
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System.out.println(String.format(
"%s's age is %s", name, age));
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}
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}
结果：
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