一、概述
TCP是面向连接的,面向流的,提供高可靠性服务。收发两端(客户端和服务器端)都要有一一成对的socket,因此,发送端为了将多个发给接收端的包,更有效的发给对方,使用了优化方法(Nagle算法),将多次间隔较小且数据量小的数据,合并成一个大的数据块,然后进行封包。这样做虽然提高了效率,但是接收端就难于分辨出完整的数据包了,因为面向流的通信是无消息保护边界的;由于TCP无消息保护边界, 需要在接收端处理消息边界问题,也就是我们所说的粘包、拆包问题;在编写Netty 程序时,如果没有做处理,就会发生粘包和拆包的问题。
二、问题详述
三、粘包和拆包解决方案
- 使用自定义协议 + 编解码器 来解决
- 关键就是要解决 服务器端每次读取数据长度的问题, 这个问题解决,就不会出现服务器多读或少读数据的问题,从而避免的TCP 粘包、拆包 。
四、代码实现
要求客户端发送 5 个 Message 对象, 客户端每次发送一个 Message 对象
服务器端每次接收一个Message, 分5次进行解码, 每读取到 一个Message , 会回复一个Message 对象 给客户端.
客户端:
public class MyClient { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap(); bootstrap.group(group).channel(NioSocketChannel.class) .handler(new MyClientInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类 ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("localhost", 7000).sync(); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); }finally { group.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
public class MyClientHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol> { private int count; @Override public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { //使用客户端发送10条数据 "今天天气冷,吃火锅" 编号 for(int i = 0; i< 5; i++) { String mes = "今天天气冷,吃火锅"; byte[] content = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")); int length = mes.getBytes(Charset.forName("utf-8")).length; //创建协议包对象 MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol(); messageProtocol.setLen(length); messageProtocol.setContent(content); ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol); } } // @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception { int len = msg.getLen(); byte[] content = msg.getContent(); System.out.println("客户端接收到消息如下"); System.out.println("长度=" + len); System.out.println("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8"))); System.out.println("客户端接收消息数量=" + (++this.count)); } @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { System.out.println("异常消息=" + cause.getMessage()); ctx.close(); } }
public class MyClientInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageEncoder()); //加入编码器 pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder()); //加入解码器 pipeline.addLast(new MyClientHandler()); } }
//服务端
public class MyServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(1); EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap(); serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup,workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class).childHandler(new MyServerInitializer()); //自定义一个初始化类 ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(7000).sync(); channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync(); }finally { bossGroup.shutdownGracefully(); workerGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
//处理业务的handler public class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<MessageProtocol>{ private int count; @Override public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception { //cause.printStackTrace(); ctx.close(); } @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg) throws Exception { //接收到数据,并处理 int len = msg.getLen(); byte[] content = msg.getContent(); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println(); System.out.println("服务器接收到信息如下"); System.out.println("长度=" + len); System.out.println("内容=" + new String(content, Charset.forName("utf-8"))); System.out.println("服务器接收到消息包数量=" + (++this.count)); //回复消息 String responseContent = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); int responseLen = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8").length; byte[] responseContent2 = responseContent.getBytes("utf-8"); //构建一个协议包 MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol(); messageProtocol.setLen(responseLen); messageProtocol.setContent(responseContent2); ctx.writeAndFlush(messageProtocol); } }
public class MyServerInitializer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageDecoder());//解码器 pipeline.addLast(new MyMessageEncoder());//编码器 pipeline.addLast(new MyServerHandler()); } }
//协议包 public class MessageProtocol { private int len; //关键 private byte[] content; public int getLen() { return len; } public void setLen(int len) { this.len = len; } public byte[] getContent() { return content; } public void setContent(byte[] content) { this.content = content; } }
//编解码器
public class MyMessageEncoder extends MessageToByteEncoder<MessageProtocol> { @Override protected void encode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, MessageProtocol msg, ByteBuf out) throws Exception { System.out.println("MyMessageEncoder encode 方法被调用"); out.writeInt(msg.getLen()); out.writeBytes(msg.getContent()); } }
public class MyMessageDecoder extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> { @Override protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception { System.out.println("MyMessageDecoder decode 被调用"); //需要将得到二进制字节码-> MessageProtocol 数据包(对象) int length = in.readInt(); byte[] content = new byte[length]; in.readBytes(content); //封装成 MessageProtocol 对象,放入 out, 传递下一个handler业务处理 MessageProtocol messageProtocol = new MessageProtocol(); messageProtocol.setLen(length); messageProtocol.setContent(content); out.add(messageProtocol); } }