getaddrinfo 函数允许将将一个主机名和一个服务名映射到一个地址。
函数原型:
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>
int getaddrinfo(const char *restrict host, const char *restrict service,
const struct addrinfo *restrict hint, struct addrinfo **restrict res);
返回值:若成功,返回0;若出错,返回非0错误码
参数说明:
hostname:一个主机名或者地址串(IPv4的点分十进制串或者IPv6的16进制串)
service:服务名可以是十进制的端口号,也可以是已定义的服务名称,如ftp、http等
hints:可以是一个空指针,也可以是一个指向某个addrinfo结构体的指针,调用者在这个结构中填入关于期望返回的信息类型的暗示。举例来说:指定的服务既可支持TCP也可支持UDP,所以调用者可以把hints结构中的ai_socktype成员设置成SOCK_DGRAM使得返回的仅仅是适用于数据报套接口的信息。
res:本函数通过result指针参数返回一个指向addrinfo结构体链表的指针。
addrinfo 结构的定义至少包含以下成员:
struct addrinfo {
int ai_flags; /* customize behavior */
int ai_family; /* address family */
int ai_socktype; /* socket type */
int ai_protocol; /* protocol */
socklen_t ai_addrlen; /* length in bytes of address */
struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* address */
char *ai_canonname; /* canonical name of host */
struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* next in list */
.
.
.
};
ai_family指定了地址族,可取值如下:
AF_INET 2 IPv4
AF_INET6 23 IPv6
AF_UNSPEC 0 协议无关
ai_socktype指定我套接字的类型
SOCK_STREAM 1 流
SOCK_DGRAM 2 数据报
在AF_INET通信域中套接字类型SOCK_STREAM的默认协议是TCP(传输控制协议)
在AF_INET通信域中套接字类型SOCK_DGRAM的默认协议是UDP(用户数据报协议)
ai_protocol指定协议类型。可取的值取决于ai_address和ai_socktype的值
ai_flags指定了如何来处理地址和名字,可取值如下:
如果getaddrinfo失败,不能使用perror或strerror来生成错误消息,而是要调用gai_strerror将返回的错误码转换成错误消息。
#include <netdb.h>
const char *gai_strerror(int err)
返回值: 指向描述错误的字符串的指针
使用方法举例:
#include "apue.h"
#include "myerror.h" //对应apue3e的error.c
#if defined(SOLARIS)
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#if defined (BSD)
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
void print_family(struct addrinfo *aip)
{
printf(" familiy ");
switch(aip->ai_family)
{
case AF_INET:
printf("inet");
break;
case AF_INET6:
printf("inet6");
break;
case AF_UNIX:
printf("unix");
break;
case AF_UNSPEC:
printf("unspecified");
break;
default:
printf("unknown");
}
}
void print_type(struct addrinfo *aip)
{
printf(" type ");
switch(aip->ai_socktype)
{
case SOCK_STREAM:
printf("stream");
break;
case SOCK_DGRAM:
printf("datagram");
break;
case SOCK_SEQPACKET:
printf("seqpacket");
break;
case SOCK_RAW:
printf("raw");
break;
default:
printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_socktype);
}
}
void print_protocol(struct addrinfo *aip)
{
printf(" protocol ");
switch(aip->ai_protocol)
{
case 0:
printf("default");
break;
case IPPROTO_TCP:
printf("TCP");
break;
case IPPROTO_UDP:
printf("UDP");
break;
case IPPROTO_RAW:
printf("raw");
break;
default:
printf("unknown (%d)", aip->ai_protocol);
}
}
void print_flags(struct addrinfo *aip)
{
printf("flags");
if (aip->ai_flags == 0)
{
printf(" 0");
}
else
{
if (aip->ai_flags & AI_PASSIVE)
printf(" passive ");
if (aip->ai_flags & AI_CANONNAME)
printf(" canon ");
if (aip->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICHOST)
printf(" numhost");
if (aip->ai_flags & AI_NUMERICSERV)
printf(" numserv");
if (aip->ai_flags & AI_V4MAPPED)
printf(" v4maaped");
if (aip->ai_flags & AI_ALL)
printf(" all");
}
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
struct addrinfo *ailist, *aip;
struct addrinfo hint;
struct sockaddr_in *sinp;
const char *addr;
int err;
char abuf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
if (argc != 3)
err_quit("usage: %s nodename service", argv[0]);
hint.ai_flags = AI_CANONNAME;
hint.ai_family = 0;
hint.ai_socktype = 0;
hint.ai_protocol = 0;
hint.ai_addrlen = 0;
hint.ai_canonname = NULL;
hint.ai_addr = NULL;
hint.ai_next = NULL;
if ((err = getaddrinfo(argv[1], argv[2], &hint, &ailist)) != 0)
err_quit("getaddrinfo err: %s", gai_strerror(err));
for (aip = ailist; aip != NULL; aip = aip->ai_next)
{
print_flags(aip);
print_family(aip);
print_type(aip);
print_protocol(aip);
printf("\n\thost %s", aip->ai_canonname?aip->ai_canonname: "-" );
if (aip->ai_family == AF_INET)
{
sinp = (struct sockaddr_in *)aip->ai_addr;
addr = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sinp->sin_addr, abuf, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
printf(" address %s", addr?addr: "unknown");
printf(" port %d", ntohs(sinp->sin_port));
}
printf("\n");
}
exit(0);
}
运行结果: