Valid Number

Description:

Validate if a given string is numeric.
Some examples:
“0” => true
” 0.1 ” => true
“abc” => false
“1 a” => false
“2e10” => true
Note: It is intended for the problem statement to be ambiguous. You should gather all requirements up
front before implementing one.

分析：

方法一：

网上看到的一个大神利用自动机理论
http://noalgo.info/995.html

代码：

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool isNumber(const char *s) {
        enum InputType {
            INVALID, SPACE, SIGN, DOT, E, DIGIT, LEN
        };
        int trans[][LEN] = {
            {-1,  0,  1,  2, -1,  3},
            {-1, -1, -1,  2, -1,  3},
            {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  4},
            {-1,  5, -1,  4,  6,  3},
            {-1,  5, -1, -1,  6,  4},
            {-1,  5, -1, -1, -1, -1},
            {-1, -1,  7, -1, -1,  8},
            {-1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  8},
            {-1,  5, -1, -1, -1,  8}
        };
        int state = 0;
        while (*s) {
            InputType input;
            if (isspace(*s)) {
                input = SPACE;
            } else if (*s == '+' || *s == '-') {
                input = SIGN;
            } else if (*s == '.') {
                input = DOT;
            } else if (*s == 'e' || *s == 'E') {
                input = E;
            } else if (isdigit(*s)) {
                input = DIGIT;
            } else {
                input = INVALID;
            }
            state = trans[state][input];
            if (state == -1) {
                return false;
            }
            s++;
        }
        return state == 3 || state == 4 || state == 5 || state == 8;
    }

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
    // “0″ => true
    // ” 0.1 ” => true
    // “abc” => false
    // “1 a” => false
    // “2e10″ => true
    const char *s1 = "0";
    const char *s2 = " 0.1";
    const char *s3 = "abc";
    const char *s4 = "1 a";
    const char *s5 = "2e10";

    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s1)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s2)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s3)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s4)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s5)<<endl;


    return 0;
}

测试：

方法二：利用标准库strtod函数

strtod()会扫描参数nptr字符串，跳过前面的空格字符，直到遇上数字或正负符号才开始做转换，到出现非数字或字符串结束时(‘\0’)才结束转换，并将结果返回。若endptr不为NULL，则会将遇到不合条件而终止的nptr中的字符指针由endptr传回。参数nptr字符串可包含正负号、小数点或E(e)来表示指数部分。如123.456或123e-2。

代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

bool isNumber(const char *s) {
        char *endptr;
        strtod(s, &endptr);
        if (endptr == s)
            return false;
        while (*endptr) {
            if(!isspace(*endptr))
                return false;
            endptr++;
        }
        return true;
    }

int main(int argc, char const *argv[]) {
    // “0″ => true
    // ” 0.1 ” => true
    // “abc” => false
    // “1 a” => false
    // “2e10″ => true
    const char *s1 = "0";
    const char *s2 = " 0.1";
    const char *s3 = "abc";
    const char *s4 = "1 a";
    const char *s5 = "2e10";

    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s1)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s2)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s3)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s4)<<endl;
    cout<<boolalpha<<isNumber(s5)<<endl;


    return 0;
}

测试：