1、Spring框架的搭建
这个很简单,只需要web容器中注册org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener,并指定spring加载配置文件,那么spring容器搭建完成。(当然org.springframework的核心jar包需要引入)
当然为了更加易用支持J2EE应用,一般我们还会加上如下:
Spring监听HTTP请求事件:org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
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<!-- spring配置文件开始 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name><!-- spring配置文件,请根据需要选取 -->
<param-value>classpath*:webconfig/service-all.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener><!-- Spring负责监听web容器启动和关闭的事件 --><!-- Spring ApplicationContext载入 -->
<listener-
class
>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-
class
>
</listener>
<listener><!-- Spring监听HTTP请求事件 -->
<!-- 使spring支持request与session的scope,如: -->
<!-- <bean id=
"loginAction"
class
=
"com.foo.LoginAction"
scope=
"request"
/> -->
<!-- 使用: -->
<!--
1
、注解获取:
@Autowired
HttpServletRequest request; -->
<!--
2
、java代码:HttpServletRequest request =
((ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest(); -->
<!--
3
、直接在参数中传递:
public
String sayHi(HttpServletRequest request) -->
<listener-
class
>org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener</listener-
class
>
</listener>
<listener><!-- Spring 刷新Introspector防止内存泄露 -->
<listener-
class
>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-
class
>
</listener>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-
class
>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-
class
>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-
8
</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>
false
</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- spring配置文件结束 -->
|
2、Spring MVC的搭建
首先我们知道Spring MVC的核心是org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet,所以web容器中少不了它的注册。(当然org.springframework的web、mvc包及其依赖jar包需要引入)
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<!-- spring mvc配置开始 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>Spring-MVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-
class
>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-
class
>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:spring/spring-mvc.xml</param-value><!-- spring mvc配置文件 -->
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>
1
</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>Spring-MVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.
do
</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- spring mvc配置结束 -->
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同时为了更好使用MVC,spring-mvc.xml需要配置以下:
1)(可选)多部分请求解析器(MultipartResolver)配置,与上传文件有关 需要类库commons-io、commons-fileupload
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<bean id=
"multipartResolver"
class
=
"org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"
>
<property name=
"defaultEncoding"
value=
"utf-8"
></property><!-- 默认编码-->
<property name=
"maxUploadSize"
value=
"104857600"
></property><!-- 文件大小最大值-->
<property name=
"maxInMemorySize"
value=
"40960"
></property><!-- 内存中的最大值-->
</bean>
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2)(可选)本地化(LocaleResolver)配置
3)(可选)主题解析器(ThemeResolver)配置
4)(必选)处理器映射器(HandlerMapping)配置,可以配置多个,一般采用RequestMappingHandlerMapping或者自定义
这里我们自定义了一个处理器映射器,继承重写RequestMappingHandlerMapping,支持@RequestMapping无需任何path参数自动装载类名或方法作为url路径匹配。
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<bean id=
"handlerMapping"
class
=
"io.flysium.framework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.CustomHandlerMapping"
>
<property name=
"order"
value=
"-1"
/>
</bean>
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CustomHandlerMapping实现:
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@Override
protected
RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class handlerType) {
RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfoDefault(method);
if
(info !=
null
) {
RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfoDefault(handlerType);
if
(typeInfo !=
null
)
info = typeInfo.combine(info);
}
return
info;
}
private
RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfoDefault(AnnotatedElement element) {
RequestMapping requestMapping = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(element,
RequestMapping.
class
);
RequestCondition condition = (element
instanceof
Class)
? getCustomTypeCondition((Class) element)
: getCustomMethodCondition((Method) element);
/**
* 以类名和方法名映射请求,参照@RequestMapping
* 默认不需要添加任何参数(如:/className/methodName.do)
*/
String defaultName = (element
instanceof
Class)
? ((Class) element).getSimpleName()
: ((Method) element).getName();
return
requestMapping ==
null
?
null
: createRequestMappingInfo(requestMapping, condition, defaultName);
}
protected
RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(RequestMapping annotation,
RequestCondition<?> customCondition, String defaultName) {
String[] patterns = resolveEmbeddedValuesInPatterns(annotation.value());
if
(patterns !=
null
&& (patterns.length ==
0
)) {
patterns =
new
String[]{defaultName};
}
return
new
RequestMappingInfo(
new
PatternsRequestCondition(patterns, getUrlPathHelper(), getPathMatcher(),
this
.useSuffixPatternMatch,
this
.useTrailingSlashMatch,
this
.fileExtensions),
new
RequestMethodsRequestCondition(annotation.method()),
new
ParamsRequestCondition(annotation.params()),
new
HeadersRequestCondition(annotation.headers()),
new
ConsumesRequestCondition(annotation.consumes(), annotation.headers()),
new
ProducesRequestCondition(annotation.produces(), annotation.headers(),
this
.contentNegotiationManager),
customCondition);
}
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5)(必选)处理器适配器(HandlerAdapter)配置,可以配置多个,主要是配置messageConverters,其主要作用是映射前台传参与handler处理方法参数。一般扩展RequestMappingHandlerAdapter,或者自定义。如果我们需要json请求的处理,这里必须扩展。同时我们需要注意的是日期格式的转换。
另外Spring 4.2新特性,加之注解会自动注入@ControllerAdvice,可以定义RequestBodyAdvice、ResponseBodyAdvice,可以更方便地在参数处理方面着手自定义。
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<bean id=
"handlerAdapter"
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"
>
<property name=
"order"
value=
"-1"
/>
<property name=
"messageConverters"
>
<list>
<!-- <bean
class
=
"org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"
/> -->
<ref bean=
"mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
/>
</list>
</property>
<property name=
"webBindingInitializer"
>
<bean
class
=
"org.springframework.web.bind.support.ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer"
>
<property name=
"conversionService"
>
<!-- 针对普通请求(非application/json) 前台的日期字符串与后台的Java Date对象转化,
此情况,应使用spring
mvc本身的内置日期处理 -->
<!-- 可以在VO属性上加注解:
@DateTimeFormat
需要类库joda-time -->
<bean
class
=
"org.springframework.format.support.FormattingConversionServiceFactoryBean"
>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- json请求(application/json)返回值Date转String,全局配置 -->
<bean name=
"jacksonObjectMapper"
class
=
"org.springframework.http.converter.json.Jackson2ObjectMapperFactoryBean"
>
<property name=
"featuresToDisable"
>
<array>
<util:constant
static
-field=
"com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS"
/>
</array>
</property>
<!-- 如果想自定义,可以在VO属性上加注解:
@JsonFormat
(shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING, pattern
= Consts.DATE_PATTERN.DATE_PATTERN_OBLIQUE,timezone =
"GMT+8"
) -->
<property name=
"simpleDateFormat"
>
<value>yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--避免IE执行Ajax时,返回JSON出现下载文件 -->
<!-- 自定义 -->
<bean id=
"mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"
class
=
"io.flysium.framework.http.converter.json.CustomJackson2HttpMessageConverter"
>
<property name=
"objectMapper"
ref=
"jacksonObjectMapper"
/>
<property name=
"supportedMediaTypes"
>
<list>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-
8
</value>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-
8
</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
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6)(可选)处理器异常解析器(HandlerExceptionResolver)配置,可以配置多个,配置Controller异常抛出后,我们是怎么样处理的,一般需要日志或做反馈的可以自定义。
7)(可选)请求到视图名翻译器(RequestToViewNameTranslator)配置,RequestToViewNameTranslator可以在处理器返回的View为空时使用它根据Request获得viewName。
8)(可选)视图解析器(ViewResolver)配置,可以配置多个,定义跳转的文件的前后缀 ,视图模式配置,主要针对@Controller返回ModelAndView的视图路径解析,动给后面控制器的方法return的字符串 加上前缀和后缀,变成一个 可用的url地址 。
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<bean id=
"viewResolver"
class
=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
>
<property name=
"prefix"
value=
"/"
/>
<property name=
"suffix"
value=
".jsp"
/>
<property name=
"viewClass"
value=
"org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"
/>
</bean>
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最后给Controller加入组件扫描吧,这样减少xml配置,直接在Java代码中加入注解即可。
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<!-- 自动扫描类包,将标志Spring注解的类自动转化为Bean,同时完成Bean的注入 -->
<!-- 扫描控制器 -->
<context:component-scan base-
package
=
"io.flysium"
use-
default
-filters=
"false"
>
<context:include-filter type=
"annotation"
expression=
"org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"
/>
<context:include-filter type=
"annotation"
expression=
"org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController"
/>
<context:include-filter type=
"annotation"
expression=
"org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"
/>
</context:component-scan>
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3、Mybatis整合
整合mybatis到Spring框架,我们需要mybatis的jar包,及mybatis-spring整合jar包。然后在Spring容器中注册配置org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean(需要数据源,及指定Mybatis配置文件)及org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate即可。
更多整合请参照Git项目:https://git.oschina.net/svenaugustus/app-ss4m-less
目前除了ssm,另外整合redis(支持切换单节点配置、主从哨兵配置,集群配置)、spring session方案。
其中包括spring MVC的简单demo,用于学习交流。