ThreadPoolExecutor类实现了ExecutorService接口和Executor接口,可以设置线程池corePoolSize,最大线程池大小,AliveTime,拒绝策略等。常用构造方法:
ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize,long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,RejectedExecutionHandler handler)
- corePoolSize: 线程池维护线程的最少数量
- maximumPoolSize:线程池维护线程的最大数量
- keepAliveTime: 线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间
- unit: 线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间的单位
- workQueue: 线程池所使用的缓冲队列
- handler: 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略
当一个任务通过execute(Runnable)方法欲添加到线程池时:
- 如果此时线程池中的数量小于corePoolSize,即使线程池中的线程都处于空闲状态,也要创建新的线程来处理被添加的任务。
- 如果此时线程池中的数量等于 corePoolSize,但是缓冲队列 workQueue未满,那么任务被放入缓冲队列。
- 如果此时线程池中的数量大于corePoolSize,缓冲队列workQueue满,并且线程池中的数量小于maximumPoolSize,建新的线程来处理被添加的任务。
- 如果此时线程池中的数量大于corePoolSize,缓冲队列workQueue满,并且线程池中的数量等于maximumPoolSize,那么通过 handler所指定的策略来处理此任务。也就是:处理任务的优先级为:核心线程corePoolSize、任务队列workQueue、最大线程maximumPoolSize,如果三者都满了,使用handler处理被拒绝的任务。
当线程池中的线程数量大于 corePoolSize时,如果某线程空闲时间超过keepAliveTime,线程将被终止。这样,线程池可以动态的调整池中的线程数。
handler有四个选择:
ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()
抛出java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException异常 ,示例如下:
private static class Worker implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int corePoolSize = 5;
int maxPoolSize = 10;
long keepAliveTime = 5;
BlockingQueue<Runnable> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10);
//拒绝策略1:将抛出 RejectedExecutionException.
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy();
ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, maxPoolSize,
keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS, queue, handler);
for(int i=0; i<100; i++) {
executor.execute(new Worker());
}
executor.shutdown();
}
运行结果如下:
pool-1-thread-2 is running
pool-1-thread-3 is running
Exception in thread "main" java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException
pool-1-thread-1 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-6 is running
pool-1-thread-4 is running
pool-1-thread-9 is running
pool-1-thread-8 is running
pool-1-thread-5 is running
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1760)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:767)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:658)
at concurrent.ThreadPoolDemo.main(ThreadPoolDemo.java:33)
pool-1-thread-10 is running
处理源码如下:
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
throw new RejectedExecutionException();
}
策略2:ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy
用于被拒绝任务的处理程序,它直接在 execute 方法的调用线程中运行被拒绝的任务;如果执行程序已关闭,则会丢弃该任务。如下:
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy();
运行如下:
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-2 is running
pool-1-thread-3 is running
pool-1-thread-1 is running
pool-1-thread-8 is running
main is running
main is running
main is running
pool-1-thread-4 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
pool-1-thread-7 is running
处理源码如下:
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
r.run();
}
}
策略3:
RejectedExecutionHandler handler = new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy();
这样运行结果就不会有100个线程全部被执行。处理源码如下:
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {
if (!e.isShutdown()) {
e.getQueue().poll();
e.execute(r);
}
}
运行结果也不会全部执行100个线程。策略4:ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy
用于被拒绝任务的处理程序,默认情况下它将丢弃被拒绝的任务。
源码如下,实际就是对线程不执行操作:
public static class DiscardPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
/**
* Creates a <tt>DiscardPolicy</tt>.
*/
public DiscardPolicy() {}
/**
* Does nothing, which has the effect of discarding task r.
* @param r the runnable task requested to be executed
* @param e the executor attempting to execute this task
*/
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) {}
}
这四种策略是独立无关的,是对任务拒绝处理的四中表现形式。最简单的方式就是直接丢弃任务。但是却有两种方式,到底是该丢弃哪一个任务,比如可以丢弃当前将要加入队列的任务本身(DiscardPolicy)或者丢弃任务队列中最旧任务(DiscardOldestPolicy)。丢弃最旧任务也不是简单的丢弃最旧的任务,而是有一些额外的处理。除了丢弃任务还可以直接抛出一个异常(RejectedExecutionException),这是比较简单的方式。抛出异常的方式(AbortPolicy)尽管实现方式比较简单,但是由于抛出一个RuntimeException,因此会中断调用者的处理过程。除了抛出异常以外还可以不进入线程池执行,在这种方式(CallerRunsPolicy)中任务将有调用者线程去执行。