ListVIew的使用和优化

Listview最常用和最难用的控件。
简单写法
数组的数据无法直接传递给listView 所以需要适配器
ArrayAdapter有多个构造函数 依次传入当前上下文 ListView子项布局的id 以及要适配的数据以及要适配的数据
使用android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1 内置布局文件 只有一个textview
listView调用SetAdapter()方法

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private String[] data = { "apple","banana","orange","pear","1","2","3","3","ss",
            "sss","ssd","3dc","fsdsd","df","sfss","fdiid"
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(
                MainActivity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }

定制ListView的界面
新建实体类Fruit

package com.example.kingshan.listviewtest;

/**
 * Created by kingshan on 2017/3/1.
 */

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;
    public Fruit(String name,int imageId){
        this.name=name;
        this.imageId=imageId;
    }
    public String getName(){
        return name;
    }
    public int getImageId(){
        return imageId;
    }
}

为ListView的子项指定布局 fruit_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_marginRight="10dip"/>

</LinearLayout>

创建一个自定义的适配器 并优化运行效率

package com.example.kingshan.listviewtest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.text.Layout;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by kingshan on 2017/3/1.
 */

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter <Fruit> {
    private int resourceId;
    //重写FruitAdapter构造函数 将上下文 ListVIew子项布局的id和数据传递进来
    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List <Fruit> objects){
        super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }
    //重写getView
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent){
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);   //得到fruit的实例
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;   //新建一个内部类对控件的实例进行缓存
    //对view进行判断 如果converView为空 则使用LayoutView进行加载布局，不为空则直接对contverView进行重用
        if (convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);//将ViewHolder存储在View中
        }else{
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();//重新获取viewHolder
        }
            viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
            viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
    return view;
    //创建一个内部类  当converView为空的时候  创建一个viewHolder对象 将控件的实例都存在ViewHolder
    //调用View的setTag()方法  将ViewHolder对象储存在View中
    //当converView不为空的时候调用View的getTag方法    把ViewHolder重新取出

}
    class ViewHolder {
        ImageView fruitImage;
        TextView fruitName;
    }
}

listView的点击事件

package com.example.kingshan.listviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Window;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
       initFruits();
        //创建FruitAdpte对象 并作为适配器传递给Listview
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item,fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        //添加点击事件
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit =fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }
private void initFruits() {
    Fruit apple = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(apple);
    Fruit appl = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(appl);
    Fruit app = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(app);
    Fruit ap = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(ap);
    Fruit a = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(a);
    Fruit a2= new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(a2);
    Fruit a3 = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(a3);
    Fruit a4 = new Fruit("apple",R.drawable.image);
    fruitList.add(a4);

    }

}