神奇的python numpy.tile()函数

1.tile函数说明

   tile(A,reps)函数定义在python的模块numpy.lib.shape_base中，其功能是重复某个对象（比如，数组）

2. 简单用法

>>> import numpy
>>> numpy.tile([1,2,3],2)
array([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3])  将数组中的元素复制2次 

>>> numpy.tile([1,2,3],(1,2))
array([[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]]) 将数组中的第一维复制1次（就是本身不不变），然后里面的元素复制2次。得到二维数组

>>> numpy.tile([1,2,3],(2,1))
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [1, 2, 3]])   将数组中第一维复制2此，然后将每一维中的元素复制1次（就是本身不不变）

>>> numpy.tile([1,2,3],(2,2))
array([[1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3],
       [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]]) 将数组中的第一维复制2次，然后将每一维中的元素复制2次

如果A是三维数组，rep是包含3个元素的元组，想想结果会如何？是怎么计算的呢？

以一个实际例子来说明。

numpy.tile([[[111,112,113],[121,122,123],[131,132,133]],[[211,212,213],[221,222,223],[231,232,233]],[[311,312,313],[321,322,323],[331,332,333]]],(2,3,4))

也就是说，

三维数组a 

[
   [
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333]
    ]
 ]

rep= (2,3,4)

让我们来模拟计算一下：

1.将第一维中元素复制2次（纵向扩展）。第一维3个元素变6个，即三行变6行

[                [
 a[0],            a[0],
 a[1],   --->     a[1],
 a[2]             a[2],
}                 a[0],
                  a[1],
                  a[2]
                  ]

复制后，a变为a1

[
   [
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333]
    ],
    [
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333]
    ]
 ]

2.基于步骤1，接着将第二维复制三次

[
   [
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133],
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133],
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233],
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233],
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333],
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333],
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333]
    ],
    [
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133],
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133],
    [111,112,113],
    [121,122,123],
    [131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233],
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233],
    [211,212,213],
    [221,222,223],
    [231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333],
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333],
    [311,312,313],
    [321,322,323],
    [331,332,333]
    ]
 ]

3.基于步骤2，将第三维复制4次（横向）

[
   [
    [111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113],
    [121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123],
    [131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133],
    [111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113],
    [121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123],
    [131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133],
    [111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113],
    [121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123],
    [131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213],
    [221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223],
    [231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233],
    [211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213],
    [221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223],
    [231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233],
    [211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213],
    [221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223],
    [231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313],
    [321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323],
    [331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333],
    [311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313],
    [321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323],
    [331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333],
    [311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313],
    [321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323],
    [331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333]
    ]
    
    [
    [111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113],
    [121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123],
    [131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133],
    [111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113],
    [121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123],
    [131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133],
    [111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113,111,112,113],
    [121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123,121,122,123],
    [131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133,131,132,133]
    ],
   [
    [211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213],
    [221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223],
    [231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233],
    [211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213],
    [221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223],
    [231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233],
    [211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213,211,212,213],
    [221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223,221,222,223],
    [231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233,231,232,233]
    ],
   [
    [311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313],
    [321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323],
    [331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333],
    [311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313],
    [321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323],
    [331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333],
    [311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313,311,312,313],
    [321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323,321,322,323],
    [331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333,331,332,333]
    ]
 ]

至此，我们完成了numpy.tile的模拟计算。

是不是很奇妙呢？呵呵