详解Docker 端口映射与容器互联
1、端口映射实现访问容器
1.从外部访问容器应用
在启动容器的时候,如果不指定对应的参数,在容器外部是无法通过网络来访问容器内部的网络应用和服务的。
当容器中运行一些网络应用,要让外部访问这些应用时,可以通过-p或-P参数来指定端口映射。当使用-P(大写P)标记时,Docker会随机映射一个端口到内部容器开放的网络端口(端口范围在Linux系统使用的端口之外,一般都过万):
[root@docker ~]# docker run -d --name nginx_1 -P nginx:latest f769af3e98478b27b87e008f3ad785e2055da4047442c4a8dcb8f621f810dbea [root@docker ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES f769af3e9847 nginx:latest "nginx -g 'daemon ..." 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32768->80/tcp nginx_1 [root@docker ~]#
通过docker ps可以看到nginx_1容器的80端口被映射到本机的32768端口上。访问宿主主机的32768端口就可以访问容器内的应用程序提供的Web界面:
同样,可以通过docker logs命令查看应用信息:
[root@docker ~]# docker logs nginx_1 10.0.0.253 - - [29/Nov/2017:06:25:38 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0" "-" 10.0.0.253 - - [29/Nov/2017:06:25:39 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 169 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0" "-" 2017/11/29 06:25:39 [error] 5#5: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.0.0.253, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "10.0.0.31:32768" 10.0.0.253 - - [29/Nov/2017:06:25:39 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 169 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0" "-" 2017/11/29 06:25:39 [error] 5#5: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 10.0.0.253, server: localhost, request: "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1", host: "10.0.0.31:32768" 10.0.0.253 - - [29/Nov/2017:06:26:55 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36" "-" 10.0.0.253 - - [29/Nov/2017:06:26:56 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 571 "http://10.0.0.31:32768/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/61.0.3163.100 Safari/537.36" "-" 2017/11/29