剑指offer 面试题2：实现单例模式

参考链接：
https://www.cnblogs.com/sunchaothu/p/10389842.html

版本1：饿汉式，在一开始就创建好实例
构造函数私有，使用静态局部变量，缺点只能在C++11以上环境中运行

class Singleton{
public:
	~Singleton() {
		cout<<"deconstruct"<<endl;
	}
	static Singleton& getInstance() {
		static Singleton instance;
		return instance;
	}
private:
	Singleton() {
		cout<<"construct"<<endl;
	}
};

//或者
class Singleton{
public:
	~Singleton() {
		cout<<"deconstruct"<<endl;
	}
	static Singleton *getInstance() {
		static Singleton instance;
		return &instance;
	}
private:
	Singleton() {
		cout<<"construct"<<endl;
	}
};

版本二：懒汉式，在需要的时候再创建实例，
一开始只会分配指针空间，而后面才会分配对象
若两个线程同时调用getInstance()会有问题，需要加锁

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<queue>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;

class Singleton  
{  
private:  
    static Singleton* m_instance;  
    static pthread_mutex_t mutex;
    Singleton(){}  
public:  
    static Singleton* getInstance() {
        if(NULL == m_instance)  {  
            pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
            if(NULL == m_instance)  
            {  
                m_instance = new Singleton;  
            }  
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
        }  
        return m_instance;  
    }
};  
  
pthread_mutex_t Singleton::mutex;
Singleton* Singleton::m_instance = NULL;

int main()
{   

    Singleton* sin = Singleton::getInstance();
    Singleton* sin2 = Singleton::getInstance();
    system("pause");
    return 0;
}