配置Samba用于Ubuntu和Windows文件共享

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4b003c550101fpve.html
实现Linux和Window之间文件共享方法  (2013-09-19 11:29:02)
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Samba是Ubuntu和Windows进行网络共享的工具，比如分享打印机，互相之间传输资料文件。
安装samba
sudo apt-get install samba
查看samba是否安装成功
sudo dpkg -l samba*
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name           Version        Description
+++-==============-==============-============================================
ii  samba          2:3.5.8~dfsg-1 SMB/CIFS file, print, and login server for U
un  samba-client            (no description available)
ii  samba-common   2:3.5.8~dfsg-1 common files used by both the Samba server a
ii  samba-common-b 2:3.5.8~dfsg-1 common files used by both the Samba server a
un  samba-gtk               (no description available)
un  samba-ldb-tool          (no description available)
un  samba-tools             (no description available)
un  samba4                  (no description available)
un  samba4-clients          (no description available)
un  samba4-common           (no description available)
un  samba4-common-          (no description available)
最前面的ii表示安装成功。可以看到samba是安装好了。
配置win7访问linux
第一步创建共享目录： 比如要创建/home/用户名/share首先创建这个文件夹 （这个用户名就是你的用户名，比如xiaoming）
代码:
mkdir /home/用户名/share    （新建share文件夹）
chmod 777 /home/用户名/share   （设置该文件夹的权限使其让所有用户可读可写可运行）
备份并编辑smb.conf允许网络用户访问 （养成随时备份的好习惯，在关键的时候你会发现当初的备份是多么的明智！）代码:
sudo cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf_backup
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
搜寻这一行文字代码:
; security = user
用下面这几行取代 （该处找不到可以不用取代）
代码:
security = user(这里也可以设置为share，这时访问就不需要用户名和密码了。那么就不需要映射用户和添加用户与密码)
username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
将下列几行新增到文件的最后面，假设允许访问的用户为：xiaoming。而文件夹的共享名为 Share ＃这里之所以这么写就是因为后面我们要创建一个smb用户xiaoming，并且让win7用户通过这个new来和我们进行数据交流。当然你可以写为自己喜欢的名字 只不过前后要一致就可以了
代码:
[Share]
comment = Shared Folder with username and password
path = /home/用户名/share
public = yes
writable = yes
valid users = xiaoming
create mask = 0700
directory mask = 0700
force user = nobody
force group = nogroup
available = yes
browseable = yes
然后顺便把这里改一下，找到［global］把 workgroup = MSHOME 改成 :（注意，这里的WORKGROUP是共享中的工作组名称） 代码:
workgroup = WORKGROUP
display charset = UTF-8
unix charset = UTF-8
dos charset = cp936


后面的三行是为了防止出现中文目录乱码的情况。现在要添加new这个网络访问帐户。如果系统中当前没有这个帐户，那么
代码:
sudo useradd xiaoming


要注意，上面只是增加了new这个用户，却没有给用户赋予本机登录密码。所以这个用户将只能从远程访问，不能从本机登录。而且samba的登录密码可以和本机登录密码不一样。现在要新增网络使用者的帐号：
代码:
sudo smbpasswd -a xiaoming （设置你的new密码，这个密码不是开机登录时候用的，是你要访问WIN共享文件或者WIN共享文件访问你的时候要填的密码） sudo gedit /etc/samba/smbusers


在新建立的文件内加入下面这一行并保存
代码:
new = “network username”
如果将来需要更改new的网络访问密码，也用这个命令更改
代码:
sudo smbpasswd -a xiaoming
删除网络使用者的帐号的命令把上面的 -a 改成 -x sudo smbpasswd -x xiaoming
测试并重启samba
代码:
sudo testparm
sudo /etc/init.d/samba restart
这里注意，比如我的安装后/etc/init.d/中就没有samba（为什么没有我还不清楚，清楚的朋友告知以下，:-)）,这重启的命令就不再是这个，而是下面的命令：
sudo smbd restart
sudo nmbd restart

这样，在win7文件夹地址栏输入\\linux ip，就可以访问你linux下的文件了。

现在贴上配置文件：

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 


#======================= Global Settings =======================


[global]


## Browsing/Identification ###


# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP
workgroup = WORKGROUP
display charset = UTF-8
unix charset = UTF-8
dos charset = cp936


# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)


# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
#   wins support = no


# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z


# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no


#### Networking ####


# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0


# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes






#### Debugging/Accounting ####


# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m


# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000


# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no


# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0


# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d




####### Authentication #######


# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server


# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = tdbsam


   obey pam restrictions = yes


# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes


# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .


# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes


# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user


########## Domains ###########


#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#


# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile


# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U


# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd


# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u


# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u


# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g


############ Misc ############


# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m


# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
;   template shell = /bin/bash


# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.


# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100


# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes


#======================= Share Definitions =======================


# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no


# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes


# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700


# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700


# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S


# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes


# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700


[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700


# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin


[cfh3c]
comment = cfh3c
path = /home/cfh3c/share
public = yes
writeable = yes
browseable = yes
available = yes
valid users = cfh3c