InputOutput Systems

Input/Output Systems

keyboard

If you are familiar with a typewriter,you’ll find the layout of the computer keyboard very similar.You can use your keyboard for many purposes:

• Typing information
• Entering numbers with the numeric keypad.
• Requesting specific with the the numeric keypad
• performing system functions with key combinations
• Moving around the computer screen

The keyboard has letter keys,punctuation keys,and a spacebar. It also has functions,numeric,and arrow keys. How you use the keys depends on the software installed on your computer. The documentation that comes with your software has information about specific key functions. You will probably notice a difference between the touch(response)on a computer keyboard and the response of a typewriter. A computer keyboard is so responsive that your can type using a light touch. When you hold down a character key,the character continues to type. This is called the typematic effect of a computer keyboard.

Monitor

Monitors maybe are one of the most important output devices. Computer only use monitors to show you exiting operation results or marvelous and vivid pictures. Monitors also are the best windows for conversation between users and computers. So,many users select monitors carefully. Which parameters or indexes ought be paid attention to when you select a monitor?We provide some here for your reference.

Element Distance: The distance between two picture elements in horizontal direction is called element distance here and its current value in most PC monitors is 0.28mm. If the value is smaller,the screen is more distinct.

Video Bandwidth: It is an important concept in monitor technology. It is related to the highest work frequency of the monitor. It is from tens MHz to hundreds MHz.

Solution: It is another important parameter of a monitor. It’s higher,the view on a screen is clearer. Solution means the sum of all picture elements on a screen.

Scan Style: The scan style of a electron gun in a tube is divided into two styles: interlace and non-interlace. In interlace style,electron-beam sweeps elements in odd rows first time and does elements in even rows second time. A frame to be renewed needs sweeping two times. In non-interlace style,electron-beans sweeps all elements only in one time. In non-interlace work style,the monitor works better and gives clear pictures without flash.

Mouse

The interface between a mouse and a system can take one of two forms: the mouse either generates a series of pulses when it is moved(using the LED and detector to generate the pulses),or it increments and decrements counters. The processor can periodically read these counters,or count up the pulses,and determine how far the screen appropriately. This motion appears smooth because the rate at which you can moves the cursor on the screen appropriately. This is motion appears smooth because the rate at which you can move the mouse is slow compared with the rate at which the processor can read the mouse status and move the cursors on the screen.

Most mice also include one or more buttons,and the systems must be able to detect when a button is depressed. By monitoring the status of the button,the system can also differentiate between clicking the button and holding it down. Of course,the mapping between the counters and the button position and what happens on the screen is totally controlled by software. That’s why,for example,the rate at which the mouse moves across the screen and the rate at which single and double chicks are recognized can usually be set by the user. Similarly,software interpretation of the mouse position means that the cursor doesn’t jump completely off the screen when the mouse is moved a long distance in one direction.

Optical Disks

An optical disk is a disk on which data are encoded for retrieval by a laser. Optical disks offers information densities far beyond the range of current magnetic mass-storage devices. Similar devices have been on the market for several years in the form of laser videodisks and audio compact disks(CDs)for consumer use. These laser videodisks are analog,that is,the disk contains one spiral and store their information on concentric tracks,like their magnetic cousins. Currently,three versions of optical disk technology are competing for the mass-storage market,they are read-only optical disks,write-once optical disks,and erasable optical disks.

释义

输入/输出系统

键盘

如果您熟悉打字机，您会发现计算机键盘的布局非常相似。您可以将键盘用于多种用途：

• 打字信息
• 使用数字键盘输入数字。
• 使用数字键盘请求特定
• 使用组合键执行系统功能
• 在电脑屏幕上移动

键盘有字母键、标点键和空格键。它还具有功能键、数字键和箭头键。如何使用密钥取决于计算机上安装的软件。软件随附的文档包含有关特定关键功能的信息。您可能会注意到计算机键盘上的触摸（响应）和打字机的响应之间的差异。电脑键盘反应灵敏，您只需轻轻一按即可打字。当您按住字符键时，字符会继续键入。这称为计算机键盘的打字效果。

显示器

显示器可能是最重要的输出设备之一。计算机只使用显示器向您显示现有的操作结果或精彩生动的画面。监视器也是用户和计算机之间进行对话的最佳窗口。因此，许多用户谨慎选择显示器。选择显示器时应该注意哪些参数或指标？我们在此提供一些供您参考。

像素距离：水平方向两个像素之间的距离在这里称为元素距离，在大多数PC显示器中它的当前值是0.28mm。数值越小，画面越清晰。

视频带宽：它是监控技术中的一个重要概念。它与显示器的最高工作频率有关。它从几十兆赫兹到几百兆赫兹。

分辨率：它是显示器的另一个重要参数。它的值越高，屏幕上的视图更清晰。分辨率表示一个屏幕上全部图像像素的总和。

扫描方式：电子枪在管内的扫描方式分为隔行和非隔行两种。在隔行扫描方式中，电子束第一次扫描奇数行的元素，第二次扫描偶数行的元素。一帧画面的更新需要扫描两次。在非隔行的方式中，电子束一次扫描全部像素。在这种工作方式下，显示器工作效果更好，画面清晰，无闪光。

鼠标

鼠标和系统之间的接口可以采用以下两种形式之一：鼠标在移动时产生一系列脉冲（使用 LED 和检测器产生脉冲），或者增加和减少计数器。处理器可以定期读取这些计数器，或对脉冲进行计数，并确定屏幕的适当距离。此动作看起来很平滑，因为您可以在屏幕上适当地移动光标。这种运动看起来很流畅，因为与处理器读取鼠标状态和在屏幕上移动光标的速度相比，您移动鼠标的速度较慢。

大多数鼠标还包括一个或多个按钮，系统必须能够检测到按钮何时被按下。通过监视按钮的状态，系统还可以区分单击按钮和按住按钮。当然，计数器与按钮位置之间的映射以及屏幕上发生的情况完全由软件控制。这就是为什么，例如，鼠标在屏幕上移动的速度以及识别单鸡和双鸡的速度通常可以由用户设置。类似地，鼠标位置的软件解释意味着当鼠标沿一个方向移动很长距离时，光标不会完全跳出屏幕。

光盘

光盘是一种光盘，其上的数据被编码以供激光检索。光盘提供的信息密度远远超出了当前磁性大容量存储设备的范围。类似的设备已经以激光视盘和音频光盘 (CD) 的形式上市数年，供消费者使用。这些激光视频磁盘是模拟的，也就是说，磁盘包含一个螺旋并将其信息存储在同心磁道上，就像它们的磁性表亲一样。目前，三种版本的光盘技术正在争夺海量存储市场，它们分别是只读光盘、一次写入光盘和可擦除光盘。

注：翻译来源于谷歌翻译，仅供参考