一、通过构造函数创建对象。
2.1 利用无参构造函数+setter方法注入值
最基本的对象创建方式,只需要有一个无参构造函数(类中没有写任何的构造函数,默认就是有一个构造函数,如果写了任何一个构造函数,默认的无参构造函数就不会自动创建哦!!)和字段的setter方法。
Person类:
package com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean;
public class Person {
private String name;
private Integer id;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", id=" + id + "]";
}
}
XML配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean.Person" id="person">
<property name="name" value="LiuChunfu"></property>
<property name="id" value="125"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
其本质为:
SpringContext利用无参的构造函数创建一个对象,然后利用setter方法赋值。所以如果无参构造函数不存在,Spring上下文创建对象的时候便会报错。
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'person' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: Instantiation of bean failed;
nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean.Person]: No default constructor found;
nested exception is java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean.Person.<init>()
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1105)
。。。。。
2.2 利用有参构造函数直接注入
Person类:
package com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean;
public class Person {
private String name;
private Integer id;
public Person(String name, Integer id) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", id=" + id + "]";
}
}
XML配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean class="com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean.Person" id="person">
<constructor-arg name="id" value="123"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg name="name" value="LiuChunfu"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
</beans>
二、通过静态方法创建对象。
package com.mc.base.learn.spring.factory;
import com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean.Person;
public class PersonStaticFactory {
public static Person createPerson(){
return new Person();
}
/**
* 工厂方法带有参数如何处理?
* @Title: createPerson
* @Description: TODO(这里用一句话描述这个方法的作用)
* @param @param id
* @param @param name
* @param @return
* @return Person 返回类型
* @throws
*/
public static Person createPerson(Integer id,String name){
return new Person(name,id);
}
}
<!--静态的工厂方法核心是class+factory-method -->
<bean id="person" class="com.mc.base.learn.spring.factory.PersonStaticFactory" factory-method="createPerson"></bean>
三、通过工厂方法创建对象。
package com.mc.base.learn.spring.factory;
import com.mc.base.learn.spring.bean.Person;
public class PersonFactory {
public Person createInstance() {
return new Person();
}
}
<!-- 实例工程方法需要先创建工厂实例,然后在创建所需对象的时候,将其赋值为factory-bean -->
<bean id="personFactory" class="com.mc.base.learn.spring.factory.PersonFactory"></bean>
<bean id="person2" factory-bean="personFactory" factory-method="createInstance"></bean>