在Java类中,初始化方式有三种:静态初始化块,非静态初始化块和构造函数。这就涉及初始化顺序问题,那么有两个问题:
单个类的初始化顺序是怎样的呢?
当有类继承时,Java类初始化顺序是怎样的呢?
实验代码:
class Super {
private static int i = getI();
{
System.out.println("super non-static initalization before");
}
static {
System.out.println("super static initalization before");
}
public Super() {
System.out.println("super constructor initalization");
}
{
System.out.println("super non-static initalization after");
}
private static int j = getJ();
static {
System.out.println("super static initalization after");
}
private static int getI() {
System.out.println("super static field before");
return 0;
}
private static int getJ() {
System.out.println("super static field after");
return 0;
}
}
class Sub extends Super{
{
System.out.println("sub non-static initalization before");
}
static {
System.out.println("sub static initalization before");
}
public Sub( ) {
System.out.println("sub constructor initalization");
}
{
System.out.println("sub non-static initalization after");
}
static {
System.out.println("sub static initalization after");
}
}
public class ConstructorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Sub s = new Sub();
}
}
输出结果:
super static field before
super static initalization before
super static field after
super static initalization after
sub static initalization before
sub static initalization after
super non-static initalization before
super non-static initalization after
super constructor initalization
sub non-static initalization before
sub non-static initalization after
sub constructor initalization
实验可知,java类初始化大致顺序归纳为
两条基本原则:
1、先静态,后非静态
2、先父类,后子类
具体原则如下:
1、子类静态优先于父类非静态、构造函数
2、先非静态初始化块,后构造函数;相当于把非静态初始块移到构造函数开始处
3、同类型语句按出现顺序进行初始化;这里静态变量和静态初始化块是同类型语句,所以按语句先后顺序进行初始化