GNU make - functions

$(function-name arg1 [, argn ])

#

String Functions

1. $(filter pattern…,text)

words := he the hen other the%
get-the:
@echo he matches: $(filter he,$(words))
@echo %he matches: $(filter %he,$(words))
@echo he% matches: $(filter he%,$(words))
@echo %he% matches: $(filter %he%,$(words))

2. $(filter-out pattern… , text), 和 filter函数相反

all_source := count_words.c counter.c lexer.l counter.h lexer.h
to_compile := $(filter-out %.h,$(all_source))
get-source:
@echo source file: $(to_compile)

3. $(findstring string , text)

find-tree:
# PWD=$(PWD) # PWD 是环境变量 #$(findstring /home/nfs/book/admin, $(PWD))

4. $(subst search-string , replace-string , text)

sources := count_words.c counter.c lexer.c
objects := $(subst .c,.o,$(sources))
get-subst:
@echo $(objects)

5. $(patsubst search-pattern , replace-pattern , text)

SOURCES = $(wildcard *.c) OBJS =$(patsubst %.c, %.o, $(SOURCES)) get-words: # OBJS IS:$(OBJS)

6. $(words text)

This returns the number of words in text .

CURRENT_PATH := $(subst /, ,$(HOME))
words:
# $(CURRENT_PATH) @echo My HOME path has$(words $(CURRENT_PATH)) directories.

7. $(word n , text)

This returns the nth word in text .

version_list := $(subst ., ,$(MAKE_VERSION))
minor_version := $(word 2,$(version_list))
get-minor_version:
# $(version_list) # MAKE_VERSION’s minor version is:$(minor_version)

8. $(firstword text)

major_version := $(firstword$(version_list))

9. $(wordlist start , end , text)

$(call uid_gid, user-name)

uid_gid = $(wordlist 3, 4,$(subst :, , $(shell grep "^$1:” /etc/passwd)))

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Important Miscellaneous Functions

1. $(sort list)

2. $(shell command)

stdout := $(shell echo normal message) stderr :=$(shell echo error message 1>&2)
RELEASE_TAR := mpwm-$(shell date +%F).tar.gz RELEASE_TAR2 :=$(shell date +mpwm-%F.tar.gz)
START_TIME := $(shell date) CURRENT_TIME =$(shell date)
shell-value:
# $(START_TIME) #$(stdout)
# $(stderr) #$(RELEASE_TAR)
# $(RELEASE_TAR2) #$(CURRENT_TIME)

#

Filename Functions

1. $(wildcard pattern…)

dot-emacs-exists := $(wildcard ~/.emacs) sources :=$(wildcard .c .h)

2. $(dir list…)

给定一个路径字符串path，返回目录部分

source-dirs := $(sort$(dir /home/nfs/test/myfile.c))
get-dirs:
@echo “the dir is:” $(source-dirs)

3. $(notdir name…)

example 1

给定一个路径字符串path，返回文件名的部分

source-file := $(sort$(notdir /home/nfs/test/myfile.c))
get-file:
@echo “the filename is:” $(source-file)

example 2

$(call get-java-class-name, file-name)

get-java-class-name = $(notdir$(subst .java,,$1)) javaname =$(call get-java-class-name, SDGenerator.java)
get-java:
@echo “java class name is: ” $(javaname)

4. $(suffix name…)

$(call same-suffix, file-list)

same-suffix = $(filter 1$(words $(sort$(suffix $1))))

5. $(basename name…)

6. $(addsuffix suffix , name…)

7. $(addprefix prefix , name…)

8. $(join prefix-list , suffix-list)

#

Flow Control

1. $(if condition , then-part , else-part)

$(if$(filter $(MAKE_VERSION),3.80),,$(error This makefile requires GNU make version 3.80.))

2. $(error text )

3. $(foreach variable , list , body)

VARIABLE_LIST := SOURCES OBJECTS HOME
$(foreach i,$(VARIABLE_LIST), \
$(if$($i),, \ $(shell echo $i has no value > /dev/stderr)))

#

Less Important Miscellaneous Functions

1. $(strip text)

2. $(origin variable)

3. $(warning text)

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eval and value

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Hooking Functions

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Passing Parameters