通过Servlet实现文件的上传和下载

一、要实现Servlet的文件上传和下载，首先需要借助第三方的jar包

      

二、Servlet的代码

      

package com.xh.web;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

@WebServlet(name = "DownloadServlet",urlPatterns = {"/download","/upload"})
public class DownloadServlet extends HttpServlet {
    /**
     * 文件上传
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //声明工厂
        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();
        //声明上传组件
        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);
        //指定字符集
        upload.setHeaderEncoding("UTF-8");
        //获取项目的绝对路劲（根路径）
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("./");
        //File.separator 路径分隔符，不同系统的分隔符不同
        //创建文件上传的文件夹“file”,如果文件不存在就创建
        File file = new File(realPath+File.separator+"file");
        if(!file.isDirectory()){
            file.mkdirs();
        }
        try {
            //获取所有的表单类容
            List<FileItem> items =upload.parseRequest(request);
            for (FileItem f : items) {
                //判断是否是一个输入元素,false 为文件，true 不是文件
                if(!f.isFormField()){
                    //获取文件名
                    String fileName = f.getName();
                    //获取文件后缀
                    String suffix = fileName.substring(fileName.indexOf("."));
                    //获取当前时间
                    Date date = new Date();
                    //格式化当前时间
                    SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("YYMMddHHmmss");
                    //重新命名文件名，防止重复，因为时间也有可能重复，可加入UUID等随机数据，最大程度防止文件名重复
                    String newName = format.format(date)+suffix;  //  UUID.randomUUID()
                    //获取文件类容
                    byte[] bytes = f.get();
                    //建立输出流，输出文件
                    FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file+File.separator+newName);
                    outputStream.write(bytes);
                    outputStream.close();
                }
            }
        } catch (FileUploadException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 文件下载
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @throws ServletException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //从前端获取要下载的文件名
        String fileName = request.getParameter("filename");
        //获取项目的绝对路径
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("./");
        //获得下载文件的路径，该路径为之前上传的文件
        File file = new File(realPath+File.separator+"file");
        //拼接文件路径
        String fileString = file+File.separator+fileName;
        //设置字符编码
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        //String fileName_encode = URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"); //防止中文乱码
        //防止中文乱码，符号乱码等问题
        String fileName_encode= new String(fileName.getBytes(),"ISO8859-1");
        //设置响应头（重要）
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment; filename="+fileName_encode);
        //建立输出流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(fileString);

        //建立输出流1 （可用）
       /* byte[] bytes = new byte[2048];
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        int i = 0;
        while(( i = fileInputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
             outputStream.write(bytes,0,i);
             outputStream.flush();
        }
         outputStream.close();
        */

        //建立输出流2
        //获取文件输出流大小
        int size = fileInputStream.available();
        byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
        fileInputStream.read(bytes);
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        outputStream.write(bytes);
        outputStream.close();
    }
}

三、HTML代码

注意：下载界面的filename为自己上传的（处理后）的文件名，超链接的href路径或form表单的路径根据自己的项目设置

      1、文件上传的HTML代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
  <form action="../upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
      <input type="file" name="myfile">
      <input type="submit">
  </form>
</body>
</html>

2、文件下载的HTML代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
   <a href="../download?filename=jianli.jpg">jianli.jpg</a>
   <a href="../download?filename=Java.docx">Java.docx</a>
   <a href="../download?filename=个人简历.doc">个人简历.doc</a>
   <img src="../file/jianli.jpg">    <!-- 测试上传图片能否正常显示（相对路径）-->
</body>
</html>