拷贝 copy()和deepcopy()

>>> a = [1,2,3]
>>> b = a
>>> b
[1, 2, 3]
>>> id(a)
4393894088
>>> id(b)
4393894088
>>> id(a) == id(b)
True
>>> b[2] = 8
>>> a
[1, 2, 8]
>>> import copy
>>> c = copy.copy(a)
>>> id(c)
4332360776
>>> id(a) == id(c)
False
>>> c[2] = 10
>>> print(a,c)
[1, 2, 8] [1, 2, 10]
>>> # copy.copy() 浅拷贝
>>> a = [1,2,[3,4]] #第三个值为列表[3,4],即内部元素
>>> d = copy.copy(a) #浅拷贝a中的[3，4]内部元素的引用，非内部元素对象的本身
>>> id(a) == id(d)
False
>>>
>>> id(a[0]) == id(d(0))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#19>", line 1, in <module>
    id(a[0]) == id(d(0))
TypeError: 'list' object is not callable
>>> id(a[0]) == id(d[0])
True
>>> id(a[2]) == id(d[2])
True
>>> id[2,0] = 88
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#22>", line 1, in <module>
    id[2,0] = 88
TypeError: 'builtin_function_or_method' object does not support item assignment
>>> d[2,0]= 88
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#23>", line 1, in <module>
    d[2,0]= 88
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not tuple
>>> d[2][0] = 88
>>> d
[1, 2, [88, 4]]
>>> a
[1, 2, [88, 4]]
>>> # copy.deepcopy()
>>> e = copy.deepcopy(a) # e深度拷贝了a

>>> a[2][1] = 45   #改变a中内部元素列表第一个的值

>>> d   #因为深度拷贝，不是引用，这时候e中的元素不会因为a中的改变而改变

[1, 2, [88, 45]]
>>> e
[1, 2, [88, 4]]
>>>