以简单的两个类为例:
User(int id, String name)
Group(int id, String name)
没有关联关系时的关系模型:
t_user(id int pk, name varchar)
t_group(id int pk, name varchar)
一、多对一和一对多关联映射(多个用户有相同的组)
这几种关联映射后的关系模型是相同的:
t_user(id int pk, name varchar, gid int fk->t_group(id))
t_group(id int pk, name varchar)
1、多对一单向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Group group)
bean.Group(int id, String name)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
05 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
06 | < property name = "name" /> |
08 | < many-to-one name = "group" column = "gid" /> |
4 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
5 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
6 | < property name = "name" /> |
2、一对多单向关联(几乎不用)
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name)
bean.Group(int id, String name, Set users)
4 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
5 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
6 | < property name = "name" /> |
04 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
05 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
06 | < property name = "name" /> |
12 | < one-to-many class = "bean.User" /> |
为Group加入集合也可以使用List(<list>),注意不能指定类型是具体的HashSet或ArrayList,只能是接口Set或List。
集合标签可以使用order-by属性指定排序:
1 | < set name = "users" order-by = "id desc" > |
3、双向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Group group)
bean.Group(int id, String name, Set users)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
05 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
06 | < property name = "name" /> |
08 | < many-to-one name = "group" column = "gid" /> |
04 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
05 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
06 | < property name = "name" /> |
12 | < one-to-many class = "bean.User" /> |
双向关联中,为<set>加入”inverse=true”可以反转维护关系:Hibernate将放弃从一的一端维护。意思就是user和group的关系必须使用user维护,操作group时Hibernate将不维护这个关系。
1 | < set name = "users" inverse = "true" > |
操作group的示例:
01 | session.beginTransaction(); |
02 | User user = new User(); |
05 | Group group = new Group(); |
06 | group.setName( "admin" ); |
07 | group.setUsers( new HashSet()); |
08 | group.getUsers().add(user); |
12 | session.getTransaction().commit(); |
没有配置inverse=”true”时,Hibernate输出了添加user和group,并更新user的语句:
Hibernate: insert into t_user (name, gid) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_group (name) values (?)
Hibernate: update t_user set gid=? where id=?
而配置了inverse=”true”后,Hibernate仅仅输出了添加user和group的语句,并没有更新user,放弃了关系的维护:
Hibernate: insert into t_user (name, gid) values (?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into t_group (name) values (?)
此时应该从user端维护关系:
01 | session.beginTransaction(); |
02 | Group group = new Group(); |
03 | group.setName( "admin" ); |
05 | User user = new User(); |
11 | session.getTransaction().commit(); |
因为外键列在t_user表中,从group端维护需要操作多表,所以从user端维护关系更加合理,效率也更高。上面的代码输出两条SQL语句,插入数据的同时也维护了关系:
Hibernate: insert into t_group (name) values (?)
Hibernate: insert into t_user (name, gid) values (?, ?)
二、一对一关联映射(每个用户独有一个组)
依照映射方法不同,可分为主键关联映射和唯一外键关联映射。主键关联是维护两张表的主键一致,如有必要还可以在主键上再加上外键约束;唯一外键关联则类似于多对一关联,为表加入一个外键列,不过一对一关联会同时将这个外键加上唯一约束。
1、主键关联映射
主键关联生成的关系模型:
t_user(id int pk fk->t_group(id), name varchar)
t_group(id int pk, name varchar)
1.1、主键单向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Group group)
bean.Group(int id, String name)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
07 | < generator class = "foreign" > |
09 | < param name = "property" >group</ param > |
12 | < property name = "name" /> |
14 | < one-to-one name = "group" > |
4 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
5 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
6 | < property name = "name" /> |
主键关联由Hibernate维护,不依赖数据库。如果需要在数据库端也生成外键约束,可以使用constrained:
1 | < one-to-one name = "group" constrained = "true" /> |
1.2、主键双向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Group group)
bean.Group(int id, String name, User user)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
07 | < generator class = "foreign" > |
09 | < param name = "property" >group</ param > |
12 | < property name = "name" /> |
14 | < one-to-one name = "group" > |
04 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
05 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
06 | < property name = "name" /> |
08 | < one-to-one name = "user" /> |
2、唯一外键关联映射
唯一外键关联生成的关系模型:
t_user(id int pk, name varchar, gid int fk->t_group(id))
t_group(id int pk, name varchar)
2.1、唯一外键单向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Group group)
bean.Group(int id, String name)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
06 | < generator class = "native" /> |
08 | < property name = "name" /> |
10 | < many-to-one name = "group" unique = "true" column = "gid" /> |
4 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
5 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
6 | < property name = "name" /> |
2.2、唯一外键双向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Group group)
bean.Group(int id, String name, User user)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
06 | < generator class = "native" /> |
08 | < property name = "name" /> |
10 | < many-to-one name = "group" unique = "true" column = "gid" /> |
04 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
05 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
06 | < property name = "name" /> |
08 | < one-to-one name = "user" /> |
三、多对多关联映射(每个用户拥有多个组,每个组也有多个用户)
多对多关联映射关系使用中间表表示。导出关系模型时Hibernate将自动生成复合主键以及外键约束。
关系模型:
t_user(id int pk, name varchar)
t_group(id int pk, name varchar)
t_user_group(userid int fk->t_user(id), groupid int fk->t_group(id), pk(userid, groupid))
1、多对多单向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Set groups)
bean.Group(int id, String name)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
06 | < generator class = "native" /> |
08 | < property name = "name" /> |
10 | < set name = "groups" table = "t_user_group" > |
12 | < key column = "userid" /> |
14 | < many-to-many class = "bean.Group" column = "groupid" /> |
4 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
5 | < id name = "id" >< generator class = "native" /></ id > |
6 | < property name = "name" /> |
1、多对多单向关联
实体模型:
bean.User(int id, String name, Set groups)
bean.Group(int id, String name, Set users)
04 | < class name = "bean.User" table = "t_user" > |
06 | < generator class = "native" /> |
08 | < property name = "name" /> |
10 | < set name = "groups" table = "t_user_group" > |
12 | < key column = "userid" /> |
14 | < many-to-many class = "bean.Group" column = "groupid" /> |
04 | < class name = "bean.Group" table = "t_group" > |
06 | < generator class = "native" /> |
08 | < property name = "name" /> |
10 | < set name = "users" table = "t_user_group" > |
14 | < many-to-many class = "bean.User" column = "userid" /> |
多对多的双向关联同样可以在不想要维护关系的一端的<set>里设置inverse=”true”;但是必须有一端可以维护,也就是说只可以设置一个。