Linux下模拟ping命令的C代码实现



http://www.oschina.net/code/snippet_80184_1511

[1].[代码] [C/C++/Objective-C]代码 跳至 [1] [2] [3]

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/********************************************************   *  IP报头格式数据结构定义在<netinet/ip.h>中  *   *  ICMP数据结构定义在<netinet/ip_icmp.h>中       *   *  套接字地址数据结构定义在<netinet/in.h>中   *   ********************************************************/   #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <signal.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <setjmp.h> #include <errno.h>   #define PACKET_SIZE 4096 #define MAX_WAIT_TIME   5 #define MAX_NO_PACKETS  10000     char *addr[]; char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE]; char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE]; int sockfd,datalen = 56; int nsend = 0, nreceived = 0; double temp_rtt[MAX_NO_PACKETS]; double all_time = 0; double min = 0; double max = 0; double avg = 0; double mdev = 0;   struct sockaddr_in dest_addr; struct sockaddr_in from; struct timeval tvrecv; pid_t pid;   void statistics( int sig); void send_packet( void ); void recv_packet( void ); void computer_rtt( void ); void tv_sub( struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in); int pack( int pack_no); int unpack( char *buf, int len); unsigned short cal_checksum(unsigned short *addr, int len);   /*计算rtt最小、大值，平均值，算术平均数差*/ void computer_rtt() {      double sum_avg = 0;      int i;      min = max = temp_rtt[0];      avg = all_time/nreceived;        for (i=0; i<nreceived; i++){          if (temp_rtt[i] < min)              min = temp_rtt[i];          else if (temp_rtt[i] > max)              max = temp_rtt[i];            if ((temp_rtt[i]-avg) < 0)              sum_avg += avg - temp_rtt[i];          else              sum_avg += temp_rtt[i] - avg;          }      mdev = sum_avg/nreceived; }   /****统计数据函数****/ void statistics( int sig) {      computer_rtt();     //计算rtt      printf ( "\n------ %s ping statistics ------\n" ,addr[0]);      printf ( "%d packets transmitted,%d received,%d%% packet loss,time %.f ms\n" ,          nsend,nreceived,(nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100,all_time);      printf ( "rtt min/avg/max/mdev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n" ,          min,avg,max,mdev);      close(sockfd);      exit (1); }   /****检验和算法****/ unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr, int len) {      int nleft = len;      int sum = 0;      unsigned short *w = addr;      unsigned short check_sum = 0;        while (nleft>1)       //ICMP包头以字（2字节）为单位累加      {          sum += *w++;          nleft -= 2;      }        if (nleft == 1)      //ICMP为奇数字节时，转换最后一个字节，继续累加      {          *(unsigned char *)(&check_sum) = *(unsigned char *)w;          sum += check_sum;      }      sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xFFFF);      sum += (sum >> 16);      check_sum = ~sum;   //取反得到校验和      return check_sum; }   /*设置ICMP报头*/ int pack( int pack_no) {      int i,packsize;      struct icmp *icmp;      struct timeval *tval;      icmp = ( struct icmp*)sendpacket;      icmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; //ICMP_ECHO类型的类型号为0      icmp->icmp_code = 0;      icmp->icmp_cksum = 0;      icmp->icmp_seq = pack_no;    //发送的数据报编号      icmp->icmp_id = pid;        packsize = 8 + datalen;     //数据报大小为64字节      tval = ( struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;      gettimeofday(tval,NULL);        //记录发送时间      //校验算法      icmp->icmp_cksum =  cal_chksum((unsigned short *)icmp,packsize);      return packsize; }   /****发送三个ICMP报文****/ void send_packet() {      int packetsize;      if (nsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS)      {          nsend++;          packetsize = pack(nsend);   //设置ICMP报头          //发送数据报          if (sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,packetsize,0,              ( struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr, sizeof (dest_addr)) < 0)          {              perror ( "sendto error" );          }      }   }     /****接受所有ICMP报文****/ void recv_packet() {      int n,fromlen;      extern int error;      fromlen = sizeof (from);      if (nreceived < nsend)      {            //接收数据报          if ((n = recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket, sizeof (recvpacket),0,              ( struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen)) < 0)          {              perror ( "recvfrom error" );          }          gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);     //记录接收时间          unpack(recvpacket,n);       //剥去ICMP报头          nreceived++;      } }     /******剥去ICMP报头******/ int unpack( char *buf, int len) {      int i;      int iphdrlen;       //ip头长度      struct ip *ip;      struct icmp *icmp;      struct timeval *tvsend;      double rtt;          ip = ( struct ip *)buf;      iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; //求IP报文头长度，即IP报头长度乘4      icmp = ( struct icmp *)(buf + iphdrlen); //越过IP头，指向ICMP报头      len -= iphdrlen;    //ICMP报头及数据报的总长度      if (len < 8)      //小于ICMP报头的长度则不合理      {          printf ( "ICMP packet\'s length is less than 8\n" );          return -1;      }      //确保所接收的是所发的ICMP的回应      if ((icmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp->icmp_id == pid))      {          tvsend = ( struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;          tv_sub(&tvrecv,tvsend); //接收和发送的时间差          //以毫秒为单位计算rtt          rtt = tvrecv.tv_sec*1000 + tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;          temp_rtt[nreceived] = rtt;          all_time += rtt;    //总时间          //显示相关的信息          printf ( "%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d time=%.1f ms\n" ,                  len,inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),                  icmp->icmp_seq,ip->ip_ttl,rtt);      }      else return -1; }     //两个timeval相减 void tv_sub( struct timeval *recvtime, struct timeval *sendtime) {      long sec = recvtime->tv_sec - sendtime->tv_sec;      long usec = recvtime->tv_usec - sendtime->tv_usec;      if (usec >= 0){          recvtime->tv_sec = sec;          recvtime->tv_usec = usec;      } else {          recvtime->tv_sec = sec - 1;          recvtime->tv_usec = -usec;      } }   /*主函数*/ main( int argc, char *argv[]) {      struct hostent *host;      struct protoent *protocol;      unsigned long inaddr = 0; //  int waittime = MAX_WAIT_TIME;      int size = 50 * 1024;      addr[0] = argv[1];      //参数小于两个      if (argc < 2)          {          printf ( "usage:%s hostname/IP address\n" ,argv[0]);          exit (1);      }      //不是ICMP协议      if ((protocol = getprotobyname( "icmp" )) == NULL)      {          perror ( "getprotobyname" );          exit (1);      }        //生成使用ICMP的原始套接字，只有root才能生成      if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,protocol->p_proto)) < 0)      {          perror ( "socket error" );          exit (1);      }        //回收root权限，设置当前权限      setuid(getuid());        /*扩大套接字的接收缓存区导50K，这样做是为了减小接收缓存区溢出的        可能性，若无意中ping一个广播地址或多播地址，将会引来大量的应答*/      setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,&size, sizeof (size));      bzero(&dest_addr, sizeof (dest_addr));    //初始化      dest_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;     //套接字域是AF_INET(网络套接字)        //判断主机名是否是IP地址      if (inet_addr(argv[1]) == INADDR_NONE)      {          if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) //是主机名          {              perror ( "gethostbyname error" );              exit (1);          }          memcpy (( char *)&dest_addr.sin_addr,host->h_addr,host->h_length);      }      else { //是IP 地址          dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);      }      pid = getpid();      printf ( "PING %s(%s):%d bytes of data.\n" ,argv[1],              inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);        //当按下ctrl+c时发出中断信号，并开始执行统计函数      signal (SIGINT,statistics);       while (nsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS){          sleep(1);       //每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文          send_packet();      //发送ICMP报文          recv_packet();      //接收ICMP报文      }      return 0; }

[2].[文件] ping.c ~ 7KB    下载(548) 跳至 [1] [2] [3]

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/********************************************************   *  IP报头格式数据结构定义在<netinet/ip.h>中  *   *  ICMP数据结构定义在<netinet/ip_icmp.h>中       *   *  套接字地址数据结构定义在<netinet/in.h>中   *   ********************************************************/   #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <signal.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/socket.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <netinet/ip.h> #include <netinet/ip_icmp.h> #include <netdb.h> #include <setjmp.h> #include <errno.h>   #define PACKET_SIZE 4096 #define MAX_WAIT_TIME   5 #define MAX_NO_PACKETS  10000     char *addr[]; char sendpacket[PACKET_SIZE]; char recvpacket[PACKET_SIZE]; int sockfd,datalen = 56; int nsend = 0, nreceived = 0; double temp_rtt[MAX_NO_PACKETS]; double all_time = 0; double min = 0; double max = 0; double avg = 0; double mdev = 0;   struct sockaddr_in dest_addr; struct sockaddr_in from; struct timeval tvrecv; pid_t pid;   void statistics( int sig); void send_packet( void ); void recv_packet( void ); void computer_rtt( void ); void tv_sub( struct timeval *out, struct timeval *in); int pack( int pack_no); int unpack( char *buf, int len); unsigned short cal_checksum(unsigned short *addr, int len);   /*计算rtt最小、大值，平均值，算术平均数差*/ void computer_rtt() {      double sum_avg = 0;      int i;      min = max = temp_rtt[0];      avg = all_time/nreceived;        for (i=0; i<nreceived; i++){          if (temp_rtt[i] < min)              min = temp_rtt[i];          else if (temp_rtt[i] > max)              max = temp_rtt[i];            if ((temp_rtt[i]-avg) < 0)              sum_avg += avg - temp_rtt[i];          else              sum_avg += temp_rtt[i] - avg;          }      mdev = sum_avg/nreceived; }   /****统计数据函数****/ void statistics( int sig) {      computer_rtt();     //计算rtt      printf ( "\n------ %s ping statistics ------\n" ,addr[0]);      printf ( "%d packets transmitted,%d received,%d%% packet loss,time %.f ms\n" ,          nsend,nreceived,(nsend-nreceived)/nsend*100,all_time);      printf ( "rtt min/avg/max/mdev = %.3f/%.3f/%.3f/%.3f ms\n" ,          min,avg,max,mdev);      close(sockfd);      exit (1); }   /****检验和算法****/ unsigned short cal_chksum(unsigned short *addr, int len) {      int nleft = len;      int sum = 0;      unsigned short *w = addr;      unsigned short check_sum = 0;        while (nleft>1)       //ICMP包头以字（2字节）为单位累加      {          sum += *w++;          nleft -= 2;      }        if (nleft == 1)      //ICMP为奇数字节时，转换最后一个字节，继续累加      {          *(unsigned char *)(&check_sum) = *(unsigned char *)w;          sum += check_sum;      }      sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xFFFF);      sum += (sum >> 16);      check_sum = ~sum;   //取反得到校验和      return check_sum; }   /*设置ICMP报头*/ int pack( int pack_no) {      int i,packsize;      struct icmp *icmp;      struct timeval *tval;      icmp = ( struct icmp*)sendpacket;      icmp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; //ICMP_ECHO类型的类型号为0      icmp->icmp_code = 0;      icmp->icmp_cksum = 0;      icmp->icmp_seq = pack_no;    //发送的数据报编号      icmp->icmp_id = pid;        packsize = 8 + datalen;     //数据报大小为64字节      tval = ( struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;      gettimeofday(tval,NULL);        //记录发送时间      //校验算法      icmp->icmp_cksum =  cal_chksum((unsigned short *)icmp,packsize);      return packsize; }   /****发送三个ICMP报文****/ void send_packet() {      int packetsize;      if (nsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS)      {          nsend++;          packetsize = pack(nsend);   //设置ICMP报头          //发送数据报          if (sendto(sockfd,sendpacket,packetsize,0,              ( struct sockaddr *)&dest_addr, sizeof (dest_addr)) < 0)          {              perror ( "sendto error" );          }      }   }     /****接受所有ICMP报文****/ void recv_packet() {      int n,fromlen;      extern int error;      fromlen = sizeof (from);      if (nreceived < nsend)      {            //接收数据报          if ((n = recvfrom(sockfd,recvpacket, sizeof (recvpacket),0,              ( struct sockaddr *)&from,&fromlen)) < 0)          {              perror ( "recvfrom error" );          }          gettimeofday(&tvrecv,NULL);     //记录接收时间          unpack(recvpacket,n);       //剥去ICMP报头          nreceived++;      } }     /******剥去ICMP报头******/ int unpack( char *buf, int len) {      int i;      int iphdrlen;       //ip头长度      struct ip *ip;      struct icmp *icmp;      struct timeval *tvsend;      double rtt;          ip = ( struct ip *)buf;      iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; //求IP报文头长度，即IP报头长度乘4      icmp = ( struct icmp *)(buf + iphdrlen); //越过IP头，指向ICMP报头      len -= iphdrlen;    //ICMP报头及数据报的总长度      if (len < 8)      //小于ICMP报头的长度则不合理      {          printf ( "ICMP packet\'s length is less than 8\n" );          return -1;      }      //确保所接收的是所发的ICMP的回应      if ((icmp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) && (icmp->icmp_id == pid))      {          tvsend = ( struct timeval *)icmp->icmp_data;          tv_sub(&tvrecv,tvsend); //接收和发送的时间差          //以毫秒为单位计算rtt          rtt = tvrecv.tv_sec*1000 + tvrecv.tv_usec/1000;          temp_rtt[nreceived] = rtt;          all_time += rtt;    //总时间          //显示相关的信息          printf ( "%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d time=%.1f ms\n" ,                  len,inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),                  icmp->icmp_seq,ip->ip_ttl,rtt);      }      else return -1; }     //两个timeval相减 void tv_sub( struct timeval *recvtime, struct timeval *sendtime) {      long sec = recvtime->tv_sec - sendtime->tv_sec;      long usec = recvtime->tv_usec - sendtime->tv_usec;      if (usec >= 0){          recvtime->tv_sec = sec;          recvtime->tv_usec = usec;      } else {          recvtime->tv_sec = sec - 1;          recvtime->tv_usec = -usec;      } }   /*主函数*/ main( int argc, char *argv[]) {      struct hostent *host;      struct protoent *protocol;      unsigned long inaddr = 0; //  int waittime = MAX_WAIT_TIME;      int size = 50 * 1024;      addr[0] = argv[1];      //参数小于两个      if (argc < 2)          {          printf ( "usage:%s hostname/IP address\n" ,argv[0]);          exit (1);      }      //不是ICMP协议      if ((protocol = getprotobyname( "icmp" )) == NULL)      {          perror ( "getprotobyname" );          exit (1);      }        //生成使用ICMP的原始套接字，只有root才能生成      if ((sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,protocol->p_proto)) < 0)      {          perror ( "socket error" );          exit (1);      }        //回收root权限，设置当前权限      setuid(getuid());        /*扩大套接字的接收缓存区导50K，这样做是为了减小接收缓存区溢出的        可能性，若无意中ping一个广播地址或多播地址，将会引来大量的应答*/      setsockopt(sockfd,SOL_SOCKET,SO_RCVBUF,&size, sizeof (size));      bzero(&dest_addr, sizeof (dest_addr));    //初始化      dest_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;     //套接字域是AF_INET(网络套接字)        //判断主机名是否是IP地址      if (inet_addr(argv[1]) == INADDR_NONE)      {          if ((host = gethostbyname(argv[1])) == NULL) //是主机名          {              perror ( "gethostbyname error" );              exit (1);          }          memcpy (( char *)&dest_addr.sin_addr,host->h_addr,host->h_length);      }      else { //是IP 地址          dest_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);      }      pid = getpid();      printf ( "PING %s(%s):%d bytes of data.\n" ,argv[1],              inet_ntoa(dest_addr.sin_addr),datalen);        //当按下ctrl+c时发出中断信号，并开始执行统计函数      signal (SIGINT,statistics);       while (nsend < MAX_NO_PACKETS){          sleep(1);       //每隔一秒发送一个ICMP报文          send_packet();      //发送ICMP报文          recv_packet();      //接收ICMP报文      }      return 0; }

[3].[图片] Screenshot-six@six-ubuntu: ~.png 跳至 [1] [2] [3]