Hibernate 原理

2010-08-16

Hibernate 是一种ORM框架。ORM：Object-Relative Datebase-Mapping，将JAVA对象(POJO)和数据库之间建立映射关系，实现直接存储JAVA对象。实际上，Hibernate只是充当了DAO层的作用，根据POJO与实体类的配置映射自动生成相应的SQL语句。Hibernate通过Session取得数据库、Query对象、Transaction对象。这里的Session与JSP中的Session是不同的。Session是一个接口，通过其它类来实例化，固定格式为：

Configuration config = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure() ; SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory() ; this.session = factory.openSession() ;

 

这其中有2中配置映射方法：

1.      XML配置映射

由数据库中对应的表生成*.hbm.xml映射配置文件à配置hibernate.cfg.xml文件àPOJOàPOJO的具体操作类à调用POJO的类

由数据库中对应的表生成*.hbm.xml映射配置文件：User.hbm.xml

<hibernate-mapping>     <class name="com.hym.hibernate.User" table="user" catalog="mldn">         <id name="id" type="java.lang.Integer">             <column name="id" />             <generator class="assigned" />         </id>         <property name="password" type="java.lang.String">             <column name="password" length="20" not-null="true" />         </property>     </class> </hibernate-mapping>

配置hibernate.cfg.xml文件：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC           "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"           "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">   <!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                   --> <hibernate-configuration>       <session-factory>        <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile">MysqlDB</property>        <property name="connection.url">            jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mldn        </property>        <property name="connection.username">root</property>        <property name="connection.password">mysqladmin</property>        <property name="connection.driver_class">            com.mysql.jdbc.Driver        </property>        <property name="dialect">            org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect        </property>              <property name="show_sql">true</property>            <mapping resource="com/hym/hibernate/User.hbm.xml" />     </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

 

POJO：User.java

package com.hym.hibernate;   public class User {     private int id ;     private String password ;     public int getId() {        return id;     }     public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;     }     public String getPassword() {        return password;     }     public void setPassword(String password) {        this.password = password;     } }

POJO的具体操作类：UserOper.java

package com.hym.hibernate;   import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List;   import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;   public class UserOper {        Session session = null ;        public UserOper(){               Configuration config = new Configuration().configure() ;               SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory() ;               this.session = factory.openSession() ;        }        public void insert(User user){               Transaction tran = this.session.beginTransaction() ;               this.session.save(user) ;               tran.commit();        }        public void update(User user){               Transaction tran = this.session.beginTransaction() ;               this.session.update(user) ;               tran.commit();        }        public void delete(int id){               String hql="DELETE FROM User WHERE id=?" ;               Query q = this.session.createQuery(hql) ;               q.setInteger(0,     id) ;               q.executeUpdate() ;               Transaction tran = this.session.beginTransaction() ;               tran.commit();        }        public User findById(int id){               User u = new User() ;               String hql="FROM User as u WHERE u.id=?" ;               Query q = this.session.createQuery(hql) ;               q.setInteger(0,     id) ;               List<User> userList = q.list() ;               Iterator<User> iter = userList.iterator() ;               if(iter.hasNext()){                      u = (User)iter.next() ;               }               return u ;        } }

调用POJO的类：TestUser.java

package com.hym.hibernate;   public class TestUser {     public static void main(String args[]){        User user = new User() ;        user.setId(1003) ;        user.setPassword("hym") ;        UserOper uo = new UserOper() ;        uo.insert(user) ;     } }

 

2.      JPA(Java Persistence API)注解(Annotation)配置

实体类(POJO)及注解配置映射à配置hibernate.cfg.xmlà POJO的具体操作类à调用POJO的类

实体类(POJO)及注解配置映射：

package com.hym.hibernate.annotation;   import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; //必须为javax.persistence.*下的注解 import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue; import javax.persistence.GenerationType; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.Table;   @Entity @Table(name = "person") public class Person {        @Id        @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)        private Integer id;          @Column(name = "uid")        private String uid;          @Column(name = "name")        private String name;          @Column(name = "password")        private String password;          public Integer getId() {               return id;        }          public void setId(Integer id) {               this.id = id;        }          public String getUid() {               return uid;        }          public void setUid(String uid) {               this.uid = uid;        }          public String getName() {               return name;        }          public void setName(String name) {               this.name = name;        }          public String getPassword() {               return password;        }          public void setPassword(String password) {               this.password = password;        } }

配置hibernate.cfg.xm：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC           "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"           "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">   <!-- Generated by MyEclipse Hibernate Tools.                   --> <hibernate-configuration>     <session-factory>        <property name="myeclipse.connection.profile">MysqlDB</property>        <property name="connection.url">            jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mldn        </property>        <property name="connection.username">root</property>        <property name="connection.password">mysqladmin</property>        <property name="connection.driver_class">            com.mysql.jdbc.Driver        </property>        <property name="dialect">            org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect        </property>              <property name="show_sql">true</property>            <property name="current_session_ontext_class">thread</property>        <mapping class="com.hym.hibernate.annotation.Person" />      </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>

POJO的具体操作类：

package com.hym.hibernate.annotation;   import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List;   import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;   public class PersonOper {     Session session = null ;     public PersonOper(){        Configuration config = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure() ;        SessionFactory factory = config.buildSessionFactory() ;        this.session = factory.openSession() ;     }     public void insert(Person person){        Transaction tran = this.session.beginTransaction() ;        this.session.save(person) ;        tran.commit();     }     public void update(Person person){        Transaction tran = this.session.beginTransaction() ;        this.session.update(person) ;        tran.commit();     }     public void delete(int id){        String hql="DELETE FROM Person WHERE id=?" ;        Query q = this.session.createQuery(hql) ;        q.setInteger(0,   id) ;        q.executeUpdate() ;        Transaction tran = this.session.beginTransaction() ;        tran.commit();     }     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")     public Person findById(int id){        Person p = new Person() ;        String hql="FROM Person as p WHERE p.id=?" ;        Query q = this.session.createQuery(hql) ;        q.setInteger(0,   id) ;        List<Person> personList = q.list() ;        Iterator<Person> iter = personList.iterator() ;        if(iter.hasNext()){            p = (Person)iter.next() ;        }        return p ;     } }

调用POJO的类：

package com.hym.hibernate.annotation;   import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.Transaction;   public class PersonTest {        public static void main(String args[]){               Person person = new Person() ;               person.setId(1) ;               person.setUid("hym");               person.setName("hym");               person.setPassword("hym");               PersonOper po = new PersonOper() ;               po.update(person) ;        } }

由以上可以知道Hibernate不只是Web专有，普通程序也可以使用Hibernate框架。由于JPA是ORM框架的标准，得到各种平台支持，所以推荐使用JPA注解配置映射。