学习笔记

1.函数的参数传递

def test_fun(a, b = 6, *c, **d):#一个*号是元组，两个*是字典
    print("a =", a, ",b =", b, ",c =", c, ", d =",d)
test_fun(1)

a = 1 ,b = 6 ,c = () , d = {}

test_fun(1,2)

a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = () , d = {}

test_fun(1, 2, 3)

a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = (3,) , d = {}

test_fun(1,2,3,4)

a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = (3,) , d = {}

test_fun(1,2,3,4)

a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = (3, 4) , d = {}

test_fun(a = 1)

a = 1 ,b = 6 ,c = () , d = {}

test_fun(a = 1, b = 2)
a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = () , d = {}

test_fun(a = 1, b = 2, c = 3)
a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = () , d = {'c': 3}

test_fun(1, b = 2)
a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = () , d = {}

test_fun(1,2,3,4, x = 1)
a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = (3, 4) , d = {'x': 1}

test_fun(1,2,3,4,5,6, x = 1,y = 2,z = 3)
a = 1 ,b = 2 ,c = (3, 4, 5, 6) , d = {'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3}

2.函数文档

3.lambda匿名函数

f = lambda x: x+5
f(3)

8

 sorted(['abc', ‘afe', ‘acb']
 key=lambda x:(x[0],x[2]))
 print(key)
 
 ['acb','abc','afe']

4.map/filter/zip/reduce/enumerate map函数

map函数

def square(x):
    return x ** 2
map(square, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

<map at 0x26ddf18e9b0>

def square(x):
    return x ** 2
list(map(square, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))

[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]


map(lambda x: x**2,[1,2,3,4,5])

<map at 0x26ddf18e7f0>


map(lambda x, y:x + y,[1,3,5,7,9], [2,4,6,8,10])

<map at 0x26ddf18e240>


list(map(lambda x, y:x + y,[1,3,5,7,9], [2,4,6,8,10]))

[3, 7, 11, 15, 19]


def add(x,y,z):
    return x + y + z
list1 = [1,2,3]
list2 = [1,2,3,4,]
list3 = [1,2,3,4,5]
res = map(add, list1,list2,list3)
print(list(res))         #3个参数长度不同时，按最短的来算

[3, 6, 9]


list(map(str,[1,2,3]))

['1', '2', '3']


str(0)

'0'


x,y,z = map(str,range(3))
y

'1'

filter函数

def is_odd(n):
    return n % 2 == 1
newlist = filter(is_odd, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
print(newlist)

<filter object at 0x0000000005815CC0>

def is_odd(n):
	return n % 2 == 1
newlist = filter(is_odd, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10])
print(list(newlist))

[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]

​

zip函数

a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
zip(a,b)

<zip at 0x26ddf184908>


a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
list(zip(a,b))

[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]


a = [1,2,3]
b = [4,5,6]
zipped = zip(a,b)
list(zip(*zipped))   

[(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]


dict(zip([1,2],[3,4]))

{1: 3, 2: 4}

​

enumerate函数

seasons = ['spring', 'summer', 'fall', 'winter']
list(enumerate(seasons))

[(0, 'spring'), (1, 'summer'), (2, 'fall'), (3, 'winter')]


list(enumerate(seasons, start = 1))

[(1, 'spring'), (2, 'summer'), (3, 'fall'), (4, 'winter')]