golang中切片扩容后的大小问题

众所周知，golang中切片在容量不足时会自动扩容，那么扩容后的切片容量到底是多少呢？

浏览了很多文章，绝大多数给出的答案都是小于1024时为原来的2倍，大于1024时是1.25倍，因为源码中这样一段代码

// src/runtime/slice.go:100
newcap := old.cap
	doublecap := newcap + newcap
	if cap > doublecap {
		newcap = cap
	} else {
		if old.len < 1024 {
			newcap = doublecap
		} else {
			for newcap < cap {
				newcap += newcap / 4
			}
		}
	}

看上去的确是这样，但是，newcaps的计算并没有结束，所以，上面的说法严谨的来说是错误的。

newcaps在进行了翻倍或者是增加25%后，还会进行接下来的计算

// src/runtime/slice.go:82
func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
	// ......
	switch et.size {
		case 1:
			lenmem = uintptr(old.len)
			newlenmem = uintptr(cap)
			capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
			newcap = int(capmem)
		case ptrSize:
			lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * ptrSize
			newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * ptrSize
			capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * ptrSize)
			newcap = int(capmem / ptrSize)
		default:
			lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * et.size
			newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * et.size
			capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * et.size)
			newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
		}
		// ......
}

et代表slice中的元素类型，old是扩容前的切片，cap是扩容后的至少需要的最小容量，即old.caps + 本次新增的元素数量，ptrSize是指一个指针的大小，在64位中为8。到这里后会根据et.size的大小进入roundupsize去调整newcaps的大小。当入参小于32768时，主要依赖class_to_size，size_to_class8或size_to_class128这三个数组中的两个去调整newcaps。

// src/runtime/msize.go:35
func roundupsize(size uintptr) uintptr {
	// _MaxSmallSize   = 32768
	if size < _MaxSmallSize {
		// smallSizeMax    = 1024
		if size <= smallSizeMax-8 {
			return uintptr(class_to_size[size_to_class8[(size+smallSizeDiv-1)/smallSizeDiv]])
		} else {
			return uintptr(class_to_size[size_to_class128[(size-smallSizeMax+largeSizeDiv-1)/largeSizeDiv]])
		}
	}
	// _PageSize = 1 << 13
	if size+_PageSize < size {
		return size
	}
	return round(size, _PageSize)
}

// src/runtime/stubs.go:289
func round(n, a uintptr) uintptr {
	return (n + a - 1) &^ (a - 1)
}

var size_to_class8 = [smallSizeMax/smallSizeDiv + 1]uint8{0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 23, 23, 23, 23, 24, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 25, 25, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 26, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31}

var size_to_class128 = [(_MaxSmallSize-smallSizeMax)/largeSizeDiv + 1]uint8{31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 36, 37, 37, 38, 38, 39, 39, 39, 40, 40, 40, 41, 42, 42, 43, 43, 43, 43, 43, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 44, 45, 45, 45, 45, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 46, 47, 47, 47, 48, 48, 49, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 50, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 51, 52, 52, 53, 53, 53, 53, 54, 54, 54, 54, 54, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 55, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 56, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 57, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 58, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 59, 60, 60, 60, 60, 60, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 61, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 62, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 63, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 64, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 65, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66, 66}

var class_to_size = [_NumSizeClasses]uint16{0, 8, 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160, 176, 192, 208, 224, 240, 256, 288, 320, 352, 384, 416, 448, 480, 512, 576, 640, 704, 768, 896, 1024, 1152, 1280, 1408, 1536, 1792, 2048, 2304, 2688, 3072, 3200, 3456, 4096, 4864, 5376, 6144, 6528, 6784, 6912, 8192, 9472, 9728, 10240, 10880, 12288, 13568, 14336, 16384, 18432, 19072, 20480, 21760, 24576, 27264, 28672, 32768}

举个例子：

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    s := []int{1,2}
    s = append(s,4,5,6)
    fmt.Printf("len=%d, cap=%d",len(s),cap(s))
}

最后得到的结果为

len=5, cap=6

例子中 s 原来只有 2 个元素，len 和 cap 都为 2，append 了三个元素后，长度变为 3，容量最小要变成 5，即调用 growslice 函数时，传入的第三个参数应该为 5。即 cap=5。而一方面，doublecap 是原 slice容量的 2 倍，等于 4。满足第一个 if 条件，所以 newcap 变成了 5。接着调用了 roundupsize 函数，et.size=8，传入 40，所以 (size+smallSizeDiv-1)/smallSizeDiv = 5；获取 size_to_class8 数组中索引为 5 的元素为 4；获取 class_to_size 中索引为 4 的元素为 48，roundupsize 返回48。
最终，新的 slice 的容量为 6

newcap = int(capmem / et.size)