基于Python+Pytest的支付风控系统自动化测试实战

基于Python+Pytest的支付风控系统自动化测试实战

一、测试框架搭建

1. 项目结构设计

payment_risk_test/
├── conftest.py            # pytest全局配置
├── requirements.txt       # 依赖库
├── tests/
│   ├── unit/              # 单元测试
│   ├── integration/       # 集成测试
│   ├── performance/       # 性能测试
│   └── data/              # 测试数据
├── utils/
│   ├── risk_engine.py     # 风控引擎封装
│   └── data_generator.py  # 测试数据生成
└── reports/               # 测试报告

2. 基础依赖安装

# requirements.txt
pytest==7.4.0
requests==2.31.0
pydantic==2.0.3
allure-pytest==2.13.2
faker==18.11.2
pytest-benchmark==4.0.0

二、风控规则单元测试

1. 基础规则测试类

# tests/unit/test_amount_rule.py
import pytest
from utils.risk_engine import RiskEngine

@pytest.fixture
def risk_engine():
    """初始化风控引擎"""
    return RiskEngine.load_rules("config/rules.json")

class TestAmountRule:
    def test_normal_amount(self, risk_engine):
        transaction = {
   "amount": 1000, "user_id": "U1001"}
        result = risk_engine.evaluate(transaction)
        assert not result["blocked"]
        assert result["risk_level"] == "low"

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("amount,expected", [
        (50001, True),  # 超过单笔限额
        (100000, True), # 大额交易
        (50000, False)  # 边界值
    ])
    def test_amount_threshold(self, risk_engine, amount, expected):
        transaction = {
   "amount": amount, "user_id": "U1001"}
        assert risk_engine.evaluate(transaction)["blocked"] == expected

2. 异步规则测试

# tests/unit/test_async_rules.py
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_third_party_verification():
    transaction = {
   "user_id": "U1001", "ip": "1.1.1.1"}
    result = await RiskEngine.async_evaluate(transaction)
    assert result["need_verification"] is True

三、集成测试实现

1. 测试数据生成

# utils/data_generator.py
from faker import Faker
import random

class TransactionFactory:
    def __init__(self):
        self.fake = Faker()
    
    def create(self, **overrides):
        """生成测试交易数据"""
        data = {
   
            "tx_id": self.fake.uuid4(),
            "user_id":