最新 Spring 4 2 2 集成 Quartz Scheduler 2 2 2 任务调度示例

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本文将演示如何通过 Spring 使用 Quartz Scheduler 进行任务调度。Spring 为简化 Quartz 的操作提供了相关支持类。
本文示例使用的相关工具如下：

Spring 4.2.2 (发布于 2015 年 10 月)
Quartz Scheduler 2.2.2 (发布于 2015 年 10 月)
Maven 3
JDK 1.7
Eclipse Luna Service Release 1 (4.4.1)

步骤 1：新建 Maven 项目

这一步如果不知道怎么做可以参考博客《使用 Eclipse 的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目》。

步骤 2：第三方依赖包的引入

Maven pom.xml 编辑如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>settle</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-quartz</artifactId>  <version>1.0.0</version>  <packaging>jar</packaging>  <name>spring-quartz</name>  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties>  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>  <springframework.version>4.2.2.RELEASE</springframework.version>  <quartz.version>2.2.2</quartz.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>            <version>${springframework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>            <version>${springframework.version}</version>        </dependency>        <!-- Transaction dependency is required with Quartz integration -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>            <version>${springframework.version}</version>        </dependency>                 <!-- Quartz framework -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>            <version>${quartz.version}</version>        </dependency> </dependencies></project>

步骤 3：Quartz Scheduler 配置作业

有两种方式在 Spring 中使用 Quartz 来配置一个作业。
A：使用 MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean
这种方式在你想要调用特定 bean 的一个方法的时候很是方便，比另一种方法要简单的多。

    <!-- For times when you just need to invoke a method on a specific object -->    <bean id="simpleJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">        <property name="targetObject" ref="myBean" />        <property name="targetMethod" value="printMessage" />    </bean>

以上作业配置简单调用了 myBean 的 printMessage 方法， myBean 是一个简单的 POJO。
B：使用 JobDetailFactoryBean
如果你需要更高级的设置，需要给作业传递数据，想更加灵活的话就使用这种方式。

    <!-- For times when you need more complex processing, passing data to the scheduled job -->    <bean name="firstComplexJobDetail"    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">        <property name="jobClass" value="com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob" />        <property name="jobDataMap">            <map>                <entry key="anotherBean" value-ref="anotherBean" />            </map>        </property>        <property name="durability" value="true" />    </bean>

jobClass 关联到一个继承自 QuartzJobBean 的类，它实现了 Quartz 作业接口。调用到这个作业的时候，它的 executeInternal 将被执行。
jobDataMap 允许我们给相关作业 bean 传递一些数据。在这个例子里，我们将 ScheduledJob 将要使用到的 'anotherBean' 传递给它。
以下是引用 jobclass( FirstScheduledJob)的具体实现。
com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob

/** * File Name：ScheduledJob.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  * All Rights Reserved * */package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs;import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;import com.defonds.scheduler.util.AnotherBean;/** *  * Project Name：spring-quartz * Type Name：ScheduledJob * Type Description： * Author：Defonds * Create Date：2015-10-29 * @version  *  */public class FirstScheduledJob extends QuartzJobBean {  private AnotherBean anotherBean; @Override protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)   throws JobExecutionException {  System.out.println("I am FirstScheduledJob");  this.anotherBean.printAnotherMessage(); } public void setAnotherBean(AnotherBean anotherBean) {  this.anotherBean = anotherBean; }}

步骤 4：配置 Quartz 调度时要使用到的触发器

触发器用来定义调度器何时将会执行你的调度任务的那个时间。有两种可能的触发器类型：
A：简单触发器，使用 SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
你可以定义作业的启动时间、触发器之间的延迟时间以及 repeatInterval(频率)。

    <!-- Run the job every 2 seconds with initial delay of 1 second -->    <bean id="simpleTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetail" ref="simpleJobDetail" />        <property name="startDelay" value="1000" />        <property name="repeatInterval" value="2000" />    </bean>

B：计划触发器，使用 CronTriggerFactoryBean
这种类型更加灵活，允许你针对特定实例选择计划方案以及将来要执行的频率。

    <!-- Run the job every 5 seconds -->    <bean id="cronTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetail" ref="firstComplexJobDetail" />        <!--<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * SAT-SUN" />-->        <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * *" />            </bean>

步骤 5：配置创建定配置 Quartz 调度器的 SchedulerFactoryBean

SchedulerFactoryBean 将 jobDetails 和 triggers 整合在一起以配置 Quartz 调度器。

    <!-- Scheduler factory bean to glue together jobDetails and triggers to Configure Quartz Scheduler -->    <bean  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetails">            <list>                <ref bean="simpleJobDetail" />                <ref bean="firstComplexJobDetail" />                <ref bean="secondComplexJobDetail" />            </list>        </property>         <property name="triggers">            <list>                <ref bean="simpleTrigger" />                <ref bean="cronTrigger" />                <ref bean="secondCronTrigger" />            </list>        </property>    </bean>

下面贴出我们示例的完整的上下文文件。
src/main/resources/quartz-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">     <context:component-scan base-package="com.defonds.scheduler" />      <!-- For times when you just need to invoke a method on a specific object -->    <bean id="simpleJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">        <property name="targetObject" ref="myBean" />        <property name="targetMethod" value="printMessage" />    </bean>      <!-- For times when you need more complex processing, passing data to the scheduled job -->    <bean name="firstComplexJobDetail"    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">        <property name="jobClass" value="com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob" />        <property name="jobDataMap">            <map>                <entry key="anotherBean" value-ref="anotherBean" />            </map>        </property>        <property name="durability" value="true" />    </bean>        <!-- Always run at 20:00 everyday -->    <bean name="secondComplexJobDetail"    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">        <property name="jobClass" value="com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.SecondScheduledJob" />        <property name="durability" value="true" />    </bean>      <!-- Run the job every 2 seconds with initial delay of 1 second -->    <bean id="simpleTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetail" ref="simpleJobDetail" />        <property name="startDelay" value="1000" />        <property name="repeatInterval" value="2000" />    </bean>      <!-- Run the job every 5 seconds -->    <bean id="cronTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetail" ref="firstComplexJobDetail" />        <!--<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * SAT-SUN" />-->        <property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * *" />            </bean>        <!-- Always run at 20:00 everyday -->    <bean id="secondCronTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetail" ref="secondComplexJobDetail" />        <property name="cronExpression" value="0 0 20 ? * *" />    </bean>      <!-- Scheduler factory bean to glue together jobDetails and triggers to Configure Quartz Scheduler -->    <bean  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">        <property name="jobDetails">            <list>                <ref bean="simpleJobDetail" />                <ref bean="firstComplexJobDetail" />                <ref bean="secondComplexJobDetail" />            </list>        </property>         <property name="triggers">            <list>                <ref bean="simpleTrigger" />                <ref bean="cronTrigger" />                <ref bean="secondCronTrigger" />            </list>        </property>    </bean> </beans>

步骤 6：创建本文用到的几个简单 POJO 任务 Bean

com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.MyBean

/** * File Name：MyBean.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  * All Rights Reserved * */package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/** *  * Project Name：spring-quartz * Type Name：MyBean * Type Description： * Author：Defonds * Create Date：2015-10-29 * @version  *  */@Component("myBean")public class MyBean {     public void printMessage() {        System.out.println("I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean");    }     }

com.defonds.scheduler.util.AnotherBean

/** * File Name：AnotherBean.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  * All Rights Reserved * */package com.defonds.scheduler.util;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/** *  * Project Name：spring-quartz * Type Name：AnotherBean * Type Description： * Author：Defonds * Create Date：2015-10-29 * @version  *  */@Component("anotherBean")public class AnotherBean {         public void printAnotherMessage(){        System.out.println("I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean");    }     }

com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.SecondScheduledJob

/** * File Name：SecondScheduledJob.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  * All Rights Reserved * */package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs;import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;/** *  * Project Name：spring-quartz * Type Name：SecondScheduledJob * Type Description： * Author：Defonds * Create Date：2015-10-29 * @version  *  */public class SecondScheduledJob extends QuartzJobBean { @Override protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)   throws JobExecutionException {  System.out.println("I am SecondScheduledJob"); }}

为了演示多个执行计划的一起调度，我们写了两个 JobDetailFactoryBean，于是就有了 SecondScheduledJob。

步骤 7：创建执行程序的 Main 类

/** * File Name：AppMain.java * * Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015  * All Rights Reserved * */package com.defonds.scheduler;import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;/** *  * Project Name：spring-quartz * Type Name：AppMain * Type Description： * Author：Defonds * Create Date：2015-10-29 * @version  *  */public class AppMain { public static void main(String args[]){        AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("quartz-context.xml");    }}

这时整个项目目录结构如下图所示：
项目结构.png

执行这个 Main 类，输出结果如下：
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am SecondScheduledJob
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
可以看到，简单触发器调用的作业每隔两秒执行一次，而计划触发器一的则是每隔五秒钟执行一次，计划触发器二则是固定只执行了一次(晚上八点整，红色字体部分)。