JavaWeb实现邮件发送功能

沐光god

已于 2022-11-27 22:57:23 修改

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文章标签： java servlet 前端

于 2022-11-27 22:52:12 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/hh_lew/article/details/128070887

版权

实现网站注册实现邮件发送（带图片+文字邮件）

1、新建一个maven项目，并配置tomcat

启动项目并测试项目是否搭建成功

2、导入相关依赖jar

可以去maven官网获取maven官网

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.activation</groupId>
            <artifactId>activation</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
            <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.7</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

编写代码

index.jsp 注册界面

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/RegisterServlet.do" method="post">
    <p>用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/></p>
    <p>密码:<input type="password" name="password"/>></p>
    <p>邮箱:<input type="email" name="email"/></p>
    <input type="submit" value="注册">
</form>

info.jsp 注册后跳转的界面

<body>
<p>${message}</p>
</body>

User 用户的pojo类(实体类)实现`Serializable`接口让这个类序列化，可以在网络中传输

package com.liang.pojo;

import java.io.Serializable;

//实现Serializable接口
public class User implements Serializable {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String email;

    public User() {
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String email) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

邮件发送工具类

需要更改自己的资源路径

需要更改为自己的qq邮箱号，和qq授权qq授权码获取详解

package com.liang.util;

import com.liang.pojo.User;
import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Properties;

//通过多线程来实现用户体验 异步处理
public class SendMail extends Thread {

    private String from = "2697607865@qq.com";//qq邮箱
    private String username = "2697607865@qq.com;
    private String password = "pxjshphbyseadfab";//需要更改为自己的
    private String host = "smtp.qq.com";

    private User user;

    public SendMail(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }

    //重写run方法
    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            Properties prop = new Properties();
            //设置qq邮件服务器
            prop.setProperty("mail.host", host);
            //邮件发送协议
            prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
            //需要验证用户名密码
            prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");

            //关于qq邮箱，还要设置SSL加密
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);

            /*1、创建定义整个应用程序所需要的环境信息的Session对象*/
            Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(from,password);
                }
            });

            //开启session的debug模式，这样就可以看到程序发送Email的运行状态
            session.setDebug(true);

            /*2、通过session得到transport对象*/
            Transport ts = session.getTransport();

            /*3、使用邮箱的用户名和授权码连上邮件服务器*/
            ts.connect(host,from,password);

            /*4、创建邮件:写邮件*/
            //注意需要传递session
            MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
            //指明邮件的发件人
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from));
            //指明邮件的收件人
            message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO,new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
            message.setSubject("注册网站的测试邮件");//邮件主题

            /*---------------复杂的邮件  需要引用两个类 MimeBodyPart  MimeMultipart-----------------*/
            //设置发送时间 为当前时间
            message.setSentDate(new Date());
			
            /*-----图片这些都是属于附件---------*/
            //准备图片数据
            MimeBodyPart image = new MimeBodyPart();
            //图片数据需要经过处理   DataHandler:数据处理
            DataHandler dh = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource("自己图片资源的绝对路径"));
            image.setDataHandler(dh);
            image.setContentID("liang.png");//给图片设置一个id，方便我们在后面引用

            //准备正文数据
            MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
            String tx="这是一封测试网站注册的邮件，用户名是："+user.getUsername()+"密码是："+ user.getPassword()+"请妥善保管！<br/>"+"<img src='cid:liang.png'>";
            text.setContent(tx,"text/html;charset=utf-8");


            //描述数据关系，就是包含关系
            MimeMultipart mm = new MimeMultipart();
            mm.addBodyPart(text);
            mm.addBodyPart(image);
            mm.setSubType("mixed");

            //把最后编辑好的邮件放到消息中
            message.setContent(mm);
            message.saveChanges();

            /*5、发送邮件*/
            ts.sendMessage(message,message.getAllRecipients());

            /*6、关闭连接*/
            ts.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

RegisterServlet类编写

package com.liang.servlet;

import com.liang.pojo.User;
import com.liang.util.SendMail;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

//使用线程来发送邮件 防止出现耗时，和网站注册人数过多的情况
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        try{
		//接受用户请求，封装成对象
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String email = req.getParameter("email");

        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(email);
        //封装到对象里面
        User user = new User(username, password, email);

        SendMail send = new SendMail(user);
        send.start();
        
        req.setAttribute("message","注册成功，我们已经发了一封带了注册信息的电子邮件发到你的邮箱");
        req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req,resp);
		} catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            req.setAttribute("message","注册失败！");
            req.getRequestDispatcher("info.jsp").forward(req,resp);
        }
    }
}

配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.liang.servlet.RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/RegisterServlet.do</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>