vue生命周期的理解
一、各函数详解
一张熟悉的图片
各函数详解
生命周期钩子 | 组件状态 | 应用 |
---|---|---|
beforeCreate | 实例初始化时执行,this指向创建的实例;dom节点未加载;不能访问到data、computed、watch、methods上的方法和数据 | 初始化非响应式变量 |
created | 实例初始化时执行;dom节点未加载;可访问data、computed、watch、methods上的方法和数据,但更改数据不造成影响;不能访问到 e l 属 性 , el属性, el属性,ref属性内容为空数组 | ajax请求,初始化事件的绑定 |
beforeMount | 渲染之前调用,beforeMount之前,会找到对应的template,编译成虚拟dom,即将放入render函数 | – |
mounted | 组件初始化最后一步;虚拟dom在render函数里替换对应的el挂载点,渲染成真实dom节点,此时可以通过DOM API获取到DOM节点,$ref属性可以访问 | 常用于获取VNode信息和操作,ajax请求 |
beforeupdate | 数据更新时调用,可获取更新前的数据 | 适合在更新之前访问现有的DOM,比如手动移除已添加的事件监听器 |
updated | 新虚拟DOM与就虚拟dom对比,通过diff算法比出差异,再重新渲染 | 避免在这个钩子函数中操作数据,可能陷入死循环 |
beforeDestroy | vm.$destroy()触发时调用,实例仍然完全可用,this仍能获取到实例 | 常用于销毁定时器、解绑全局事件、销毁插件对象等操作 |
destroyed | Vue 实例指示的所有东西都会解绑定,所有的事件监听器会被移除,所有的子实例也会被销毁;dom节点仍存在,但失去双向绑定功能 | – |
二、单组件生命周期
如下,body里有一个组件:
<div id="app">
<my-component></my-component>
</div>
<template id="my-component">
<div>
<h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
<p><input type="text" v-model="msg"></p>
<button @click="destroy">destroy</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
Vue.component("my-component", {
template: "#my-component",
data() {
return {
msg: "data"
}
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log("beforeCreate....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
created() {
console.log("created...", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeMount() {
console.log("beforeMount....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
mounted() {
console.log("mounted.....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log("beforeUpdate....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
updated() {
console.log("updated....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log("beforeDestroy....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
destroyed() {
console.log("destroyed....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title"))
},
methods: {
destroy() {
this.$destroy()
}
}
})
new Vue({}).$mount("#app");
</script>
第一次打开时,为初始化过程,调用了四个钩子函数,打印如下:
beforeCreate.... undefined null
created... undefined null
beforeMount.... undefined null
mounted..... undefined <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
数据改变时,调用了两个钩子函数,打印如下:
beforeUpdate.... undefined <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
updated.... undefined <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
销毁时,调用两个钩子函数,打印如下:
beforeDestroy.... undefined <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
destroyed.... undefined <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
三、父子组件生命周期
如下,body里有一对父子组件:
<div id="app">
<my-component></my-component>
</div>
<template id="my-component">
<div>
<h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
<p><input type="text" v-model="msg"></p>
<button @click="destroy">destroy</button>
<son-component></son-component>
</div>
</template>
<template id="son-component">
<div>
<h1 id="title2">子组件文本内容</h1>
<p><input type="text" v-model="msg2"></p>
<button @click="destroy2">destroy</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
Vue.component("my-component", {
template: "#my-component",
data() {
return {
msg: "data"
}
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log("parent beforeCreate....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
created() {
console.log("parent created...", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeMount() {
console.log("parent beforeMount....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
mounted() {
console.log("parent mounted.....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log("parent beforeUpdate....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
updated() {
console.log("parent updated....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log("parent beforeDestroy....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
destroyed() {
console.log("parent destroyed....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
methods: {
destroy() {
this.$destroy()
}
}
})
Vue.component("son-component", {
template: "#son-component",
data() {
return {
msg2: "son-data"
}
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log("son beforeCreate....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
created() {
console.log("son created...", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
beforeMount() {
console.log("son beforeMount....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
mounted() {
console.log("son mounted.....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log("son beforeUpdate....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
updated() {
console.log("son updated....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log("son beforeDestroy....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
destroyed() {
console.log("son destroyed....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
methods: {
destroy2() {
this.$destroy()
}
}
})
new Vue({}).$mount("#app");
</script>
第一次打开时,为初始化过程,可见父组件渲染完再到子组件,打印如下:
parent beforeCreate.... undefined null
parent created... data null
parent beforeMount.... data null
son beforeCreate.... undefined null
son created... son-data null
son beforeMount.... son-data null
son mounted..... son-data <h1 id="title2">子组件文本内容</h1>
parent mounted..... data <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
数据改变时,分别调用本身的beforeUpdate和update,与单组件一致;
子组件销毁时,子组件两个销毁函数被调用,打印如下:
son beforeDestroy.... son-data <h1 id="title2">子组件文本内容</h1>
son destroyed.... son-data <h1 id="title2">子组件文本内容</h1>
父组件销毁时,父子销毁函数都会被调用,并且可见子组件先销毁,打印如下:
parent beforeDestroy.... data <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
son beforeDestroy.... son-data <h1 id="title2">子组件文本内容</h1>
son destroyed.... son-data <h1 id="title2">子组件文本内容</h1>
parent destroyed.... data <h1 id="title">父组件文本内容</h1>
四、兄弟组件生命周期
如下,body里有一对兄弟组件
<div id="app">
<my-component></my-component>
<bro-component></bro-component>
</div>
<template id="my-component">
<div>
<h1 id="title">哥哥组件文本内容</h1>
<p><input type="text" v-model="msg"></p>
<button @click="destroy">destroy</button>
</div>
</template>
<template id="bro-component">
<div>
<h1 id="title2">弟弟组件文本内容</h1>
<p><input type="text" v-model="msg2"></p>
<button @click="destroy2">destroy</button>
</div>
</template>
<script>
Vue.component("my-component", {
template: "#my-component",
data() {
return {
msg: "data"
}
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log("bro1 beforeCreate....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
created() {
console.log("bro1 created...", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeMount() {
console.log("bro1 beforeMount....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
mounted() {
console.log("bro1 mounted.....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log("bro1 beforeUpdate....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
updated() {
console.log("bro1 updated....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log("bro1 beforeDestroy....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
destroyed() {
console.log("bro1 destroyed....", this.msg, document.getElementById("title"))
},
methods: {
destroy() {
this.$destroy()
}
}
})
Vue.component("bro-component", {
template: "#bro-component",
data() {
return {
msg2: "bro2-data"
}
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log("bro2 beforeCreate....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
created() {
console.log("bro2 created...", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
beforeMount() {
console.log("bro2 beforeMount....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
mounted() {
console.log("bro2 mounted.....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log("bro2 beforeUpdate....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
updated() {
console.log("bro2 updated....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log("bro2 beforeDestroy....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
destroyed() {
console.log("bro2 destroyed....", this.msg2, document.getElementById("title2"))
},
methods: {
destroy2() {
this.$destroy()
}
}
})
new Vue({}).$mount("#app");
</script>
第一次打开时,为初始化过程;按顺序,先初始化,再渲染;打印如下:
bro1 beforeCreate.... undefined null
bro1 created... data null
bro1 beforeMount.... data null
bro2 beforeCreate.... undefined null
bro2 created... bro2-data null
bro2 beforeMount.... bro2-data null
bro1 mounted..... data <h1 id="title">哥哥组件文本内容</h1>
bro2 mounted..... bro2-data <h1 id="title2">弟弟组件文本内容</h1>
数据改变时,分别调用本身的beforeUpdate和updated,与单组件一致;
数据改变时,分别调用本身的beforeDestroy和destroyed,与单组件一致;
五、总结
注意点:
- vue2.0之后主动调用$destroy()不会移除dom节点,作者不推荐直接destroy这种做法,如果实在需要这样用可以在这个生命周期钩子中手动移除dom节点
- created阶段的ajax请求与mounted请求的区别:前者页面视图未出现,如果请求信息过多,页面会长时间处于白屏状态
单组件:
- 初始化组件时,仅执行了beforeCreate/Created/beforeMount/mounted四个钩子函数
- 当改变data中定义的变量(响应式变量)时,会执行beforeUpdate/updated钩子函数
- 当切换组件(当前组件未缓存)时,会执行beforeDestory/destroyed钩子函数
- 初始化和销毁时的生命钩子函数均只会执行一次,beforeUpdate/updated可多次执行
父子组件:
- 仅当子组件完成挂载后,父组件才会挂载
- 当子组件完成挂载后,父组件会主动执行一次beforeUpdate/updated钩子函数(仅首次)
- 父子组件在data变化中是分别监控的,但是在更新props中的数据是关联的(可实践)
- 销毁父组件时,先将子组件销毁后才会销毁父组件
兄弟组件:
- 组件的初始化(mounted之前)分开进行,挂载是从上到下依次进行
- 当没有数据关联时,兄弟组件之间的更新和销毁是互不关联的
参考文章:
[1]https://juejin.im/entry/5aee8fbb518825671952308c
[2]https://cn.vuejs.org/v2/guide/instance.html#%E5%AE%9E%E4%BE%8B%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E9%92%A9%E5%AD%90
[3]https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000011381906
[4]https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008010666