ServletContext

ServletContext

1. ServletContext简介
2. 共享数据
3. 获取初始化参数
4. 读取资源文件数据
5. 请求转发

ServletContext简介

• servletContext接口是Servlet中最大的一个接口，呈现了web应用的Servlet视图

• ServletContext实例是通过 getServletContext()方法获得的，由于HttpServlet继承GenericServlet的关系，GenericServlet类和HttpServlet类同时具有该方法。

• servlet与servletContext的关系
  

  共享数据

• ServletContext起到承上启下的作用，可以共享数据的载体，让不同servlet之间进行通信

• servlet1设置属性值

  public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet{
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          ServletContext sc=this.getServletContext();
          sc.setAttribute("author:","sudongzhao");
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          super.doPost(req, resp);
      }
  }
  

• ​ servlet2获取属性值

  public class GetContent extends HttpServlet {
      @Override
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          ServletContext getauthor=this.getServletContext();
          String author=(String)getauthor.getAttribute("author");
          resp.getWriter().print("author"+author);
      }
  
      @Override
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
          super.doGet(req, resp);
      }
  }
  

• web.xml配置servlet

  <servlet>
        <servlet-name>firstServlet</servlet-name>
      <!--FirstServlet目录路径-->
        <servlet-class>FirstServlet</servlet-class>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>firstServlet</servlet-name>
          <!--浏览器访问路径-->
        <url-pattern>/firstServlet</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
  
      <servlet>
          <servlet-name>GetContent</servlet-name>
          <!--FirstServlet目录路径-->
          <servlet-class>GetContent</servlet-class>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
          <servlet-name>GetContent</servlet-name>
          <!--浏览器访问路径-->
          <url-pattern>/GetContent</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
  

• 浏览器测试，先访问servlet1的路径，再访问servlet2的路径
  

获取初始化参数

• 在web.xml配置应用初始化参数

<!--配置应用初始化数据-->
    <context-param>
        <param-name>url</param-name>
        <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/blog</param-value>
    </context-param>

• 获取配置初始化数据输出

public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext sc = this.getServletContext();
        String url = sc.getInitParameter("url");
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• web.xml配置servlet路径

<servlet>
        <servlet-name>ServletContextDemo1</servlet-name>
        <!--FirstServlet目录路径-->
        <servlet-class>ServletContextDemo1</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ServletContextDemo1</servlet-name>
        <!--浏览器访问路径-->
        <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern>

• 浏览器访问截图
  

读取资源文件数据

• 在resource中新建db.properties文件

username:sudongzhao
age:23

- 在target查看资源路径，获取db.properties内容

public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.load(is);
String username = properties.getProperty(“username”);
String age = properties.getProperty(“age”);
resp.getWriter().print(“username:”+username+" "+“age:”+age);
}

@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    super.doGet(req, resp);
}

}

- web.xml配置servlet路径

ServletContextDemo2 ServletContextDemo2 ServletContextDemo2 /getr ```

• 浏览器访问截图
  

请求转发

• 获取跳转路径并进行跳转

public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext servletC = this.getServletContext();
       servletC.getRequestDispatcher("/getc").forward(req,resp);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

• 配置servlet路径

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>ServletContextDemo3</servlet-name>
    <!--FirstServlet目录路径-->
    <servlet-class>ServletContextDemo3</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletContextDemo3</servlet-name>
    <!--浏览器访问路径-->
    <url-pattern>/getnewr</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

• 输入http://localhost:8080/javaweb_war/getnewr获取到的是getc路径的页面