分组数据:Group by子句
语法:
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by的后面)
from 表
【where 筛选条件】
group by分组的列表
【order by 子句】
<注>
where一定要放在from后面
查询列别必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
group by后的字段没有顺序要求,可以使用表达式,也可以添加排序
eg1.查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
eg2.查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
1、添加筛选条件
eg3.查询邮箱中包含a字符的每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
eg4.查询有奖金的每个主管手下员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
2、添加筛选条件——分组后的筛选:使用HAVING子句
eg1.查询哪个部门的员工个数大于2?
先查询每个部门的员工个数,再根据结果查询哪个部门员工个数大于2
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*)>2;
eg2.查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
eg3.查询主管编号大于102的每个主管手下最低工资>5000的主管编号是哪个,以及其最低工资
SELECT manager_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id>102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
*分组前筛选在group by语句之前使用where子句,分组后筛选在group by语句之后使用having子句
*能用分组前筛选的尽量使用分组前筛选
3、按表达式分组筛选
eg1.按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些?
SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name)
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name)
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
#group by,having后支持别名,where后不支持别名
4、按多个字段分组筛选
eg1.查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id;
5、分组筛选后添加排序
eg1.查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary),department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;